Philippine Constitution Flashcards
A government big enough to give you everything you want is a government big enough to take from you everything you have.
Gerald R. Ford
defined as the set of principles that establish the nature and extent of the government of a nation-state
Constitution
The Philippines has had ___ numerous constitutional changes since the 1899 Malolos Congress, including acts and provisional constitutions, especially during the American colonization and Japanese Occupation.
four
The Philippine Constitutions and Acts:
- The 1899 Malolos Constitution
- The Philippine Organic Act of 1902
- The Jones Law of 1916
- The 1935 Constitution
- The 1943 Constitution
- The 1973 Constitution
- The 1986 Freedom Constitution
- The 1987 Constitution
There were 2 ongoing wars against Spain prior to the formation of the Malolos Congress:
1. the ___ ___, which lasted from 23 August 1896 to 13 August 1898
2. the ___ ___, which went on from 21 April 1898 to 13 August, 1898.
Philippine Revolution
Spanish-American War
The ___ ___ was drafted soon after the defeat of the weakening Spanish empire, when the Filipino revolutionaries misconstrued the US military aid as an alliance and not as an act of American imperialism.
Malolos Constitution
The Constitution sought to define the laws of the young republic, providing for a ___ ___ of ___, a ___ ___ of ___, the ___ of ___ and___, and the ___ of a ___ ___ ___ over the ___ and ___.
representative form of government
detailed Bill of Rights
separation of church and state
dominance of a single-chamber legislative branch over the executive and judiciary
Title II, Article 4 states that the form of government is to be ___, ___, ___, and ___.
popular, representative, alternative, and responsible
Great is this day, glorious this date, and forever memorable this moment in which our beloved people is raised to the apotheosis of Independence.
Here after, ___ ___ will be in the Philippines a national holiday, as July 4 is to the American nation;
January 23
The ___ ___ was never enforced because of the ___ ___.
Malolos Constitution
Phillippine-American War
The ___ ___ ___ ___ ___, which ended the Spanish-American War, involved Spain selling the Philippines to the United States for ___ ___, without the Filipinos knowing about the agreement.
Treaty of Paris of 1898
20 million dollars
After the signing of the Treaty of Paris, the Philippines was put under a ___ ___ (from ___ to ___) until the civil government was put into place.
military government
from 1898 to 1901
___ ___ ___ ___ enabled the creation of the Philippine Assembly.
This act also vested legislative power in a ___ ___, which is composed of the ___ ___(upper house) and the ___ ___(lower house).
Organic Act of 1902
bicameral legislature
Philippine Commission
Philippine Assembly
___ ___ or the ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ removed the Philippine Commission and replaced it with a Senate that served as the upper house.
This act also stated the recognition of the Philippines as an independent country as soon as a stable government was established.
Jones Law, or the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
Led by ___ ___ and ___ ___, the ___-___-___ ___ promised the granting of Filipino Independence. However, this was opposed by President Manuel Quezon and was rejected by the Philippine Senate.
Sergio Osmena and Manuel Roxas
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act
___-___ ___, or the ___ ___ ___ defined the establishment of a formal constitution by a Constitutional Convention, which was first held on 30 July 1934 and installed ___ ___ ___ as its president.
Tydings-McDuffie Act or the Philippine Independence Act
Claro M. Recto
US President ___ ___ approved the draft of what would become the 1935 Constitution, which established the Philippine Commonwealth.
Franklin Roosevelt
Through the Constitution, the ___ ___ ___ ___ governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, serving as a transitional administration that would prepare the country for its independence.
Commonwealth of the Philippines
___ ___ ___ are given to Filipino male citizens who are at least ___ years of age and who can read and write. Two years later in 1937, ___ was extended to Filipino women.
Rights to suffrage
21
suffrage
In ___ ___, Manuel Quezon was elected as President of the Commonwealth.
September 1935
A new Philippine Republic was inaugurated under the ___ ___ with Jose P. Laurel as president.
1943 Constitution
On 4 July1946, the United States granted the Philippines independence, but with ___ ___ for American businesses to exploit our natural resources and allow US military bases in the archipelago.
parity rights
The ___ ___ remained in place until Marcos maneuvered to have it ratified through supposed citizens’ assemblies.
1935 Constitution
Presidents under the 1935 Constitution:
Manuel L Quezon, Sergio Osmena, Manuel A. Roxas, Elpidio Quirino, Ramon Magsaysay, Carlos P. Garcia, Diosdado P. Macapagal, and Ferdinand E. Marcos.
In ___, ___ ___ after Ferdinand Marcos was elected as president, the Philippine Congress called for a constitutional convention to change the 1935 Constitution.
1967, two years
With the declaration of the ___ ___ in ___, the convention did not finish its work. Some delegates of the constitutional convention either were jailed or went in to hiding, or voluntarily exiled.
Martial Law in 1972
The ___ ___ served as a way for the office of the president to hold on to its executive powers and abolish the Senate.
With the backing of this, the real power was concentrated on the president, and the system functioned as an authoritarian presidential system.
1973 Constitution
In response to a challenge to his presidency’s legitimacy, President Marcos agreed to a ___ ___.
snap election
The mounting tensions with all sectors, including a military faction, culminated in the ___ ___ ___ also known as the ___ ___ ___.
1986 EDSA Revolution
People Power Revolution
President Aquino decided to create a new constitution, which she said should be truly reflective of the ___ and ___ of the Filipino people.
aspirations and ideals
___ ___ was the transitional constitution that would last for a year while the new constitution was being drafted.
Freedom Constitution
Branches of Government Under the New Constitution
Executive, Legislative, Judiciary
The ___ ___ ___ ___ is created for complaints against a public official (corruption, unlawful behavior, public misconduct). It can charge a public official before the ___, or the anti-graft court.
Office of the Ombudsman
Sandiganbayan
Three independent Constitutional Commissions
Civil Service Commission
Commission on Elections
Commission on Audit
The agency in charge of the government personnel
Civil Service Commission
In charge of election laws and the regulations
Commission on Elections
Mandated to examine the funds, government personnel, and regulations, transactions, and property accounts of the government and its agencies.
Commission on Audit
