Agrarian Reform

Question 1

“Agriculture is our wisest pursuit, because it will in the end contribute most to real wealth, good morals, and happiness.”

Answer 1

Thomas Jefferson

Question 2

Centered on the relationship between the production and the distribution of land among farmers.

Answer 2

Agrarian policies

Question 3

Rectification of the whole agricultural system of the country.

Answer 3

Agrarian Reform Policies

Question 4

(1)___ is concerned with land rights and their character, strength, and distribution, while (2)____ focuses not only on these but also on a broader set of issues, such as the class character of the relations of production and distribution in farming and related enterprises.

Answer 4

1. Land reform
2. Agrarian Reform

Question 5

World Bank’s Five Dimensions of Agrarian Reform

Answer 5

1. Stocks and market liberalization
2. Land reform and development of land markets
3. Agro-processing and input supply channels
4. Urban finance
5. Market institutions

Question 6

Before colonization, Filipinos had a ___ ___ of ___

Answer 6

Communal ownership of land

Question 7

Under the (1)___ ___, Filipinos did not have the right to own land, but were only allowed to work in them and pay (2)___ ___ to Spanish authorities through (3)___ ___.

Answer 7

1. Spanish government
2. colonial tributes
3. agricultural products

Question 8

(1) ___ ___ of agriculture

Because of the scattered nature of the rural communities, the Spaniards organized them into a (2)___ where they were given land to cultivate.

Answer 8

1. Pueblo system
2. pueblo

Question 9

(1)___ of the ___

(2)___ awarded tracts of lands to ___ orders. This became the main source of abuse and exploitation (e.g., the friars would increase land rent on a whim)

(3)___ of Spanish ___, as reward for their service; and

(4)Spanish ___, or those mandated to manage an encomienda.

Answer 9

1. Laws of the Indies
2. Spain, Religious
3. Repartamientos, soldiers
4. encomenderos

Question 10

(1) ___ system

The Spanish government developed the (2)___ system as a new form of land ownership.

In the (3)___, Spain ordered landowners to register their landholdings. This led to many ___ either getting forced out of their “assigned” lands in the earlier days of colonization, or working for the people who claimed to have the rights of the land.

By the end of the (4)___ ___, the revolutionary government would declare all large landed estates as ___ ___, including confiscated ___ ___.

Answer 10

1. Encomienda
2. hacienda
3. 1860s, peasants
4. Philippine Revolution, government property, friar lands.

Question 11

Land ownership during the (1)___ ___

To address (2)___, which was the main cause of social unrests at the time, the Americans passed several land policies to distribute land ownership to a larger number of Filipinos.

The (3) ___ ___ ___ ___ provided regulations on the disposal of public lands, where a private individual may own up to ___ ___ of land and corporate landholders may have ___ ___.

Answer 11

1. American colonization
2. landlessness
3. Philippine Bill of 1902, 16 hectares, 1,024 hectares.

Question 12

The (1)___ ___ ___ ___ ___, or the ___ ___ conducted accurate land surveys through the Torrens system. This act addressed the issues of absence of records of land titles and

The (2)___ ___ was a program introduced by the Americans where a tenant could enter into an agricultural business once the individual had acquired ___ ___ of ___ ___.

Answer 12

1. Philippine Commission Act No. 496, Land Registration
2. Homestead Program, 16 hectares, farm land

Question 13

The (1)___ ___ was a peasant rebellion brought about by the social inequality in land ownership and tenancy. (2)___ means “to accuse”. (3)___ ___ established the Partido (4)____ in (5)___, and the group demanded for the abolition of taxes and equality in landownership.

Answer 13

1. Sakdal Uprising
2. Sakdal
3. Benigno Ramos
4. Sakdalista
5. 1933

Question 14

In (1)___, an attempt at uprising was organized but it was easily crushed by the government. Benigno Ramos fled to (2)___ and the Partido eventually collapsed.

Answer 14

1. 1935
2. Tokyo

Question 15

During the (1)___ government, President (2)___ started a social justice program that focused on the purchase of (3)___ to be divided and sold to (4)___.

The administration also created (5)___, or the (6)___ ___ and ___ ___, assigned to defend and assist the peasants in court battles for their rights.

Answer 15

1. Commonwealth
2. Quezon
3. haciendas
4. tenants
5. NARIC
6. National Rice and Corn Corporation

Question 16

The (1)___ ___ ___ ___ was established to exercise jurisdiction over disagreements involving land rights and the landowner-tenant relationship.

Answer 16

1. Court of Industrial Relations

Question 17

After declaring (1)___ in ___, President Marcos was able to start a “fundamental restructuring” of government in which he wiped out the landlord-dominated Congress in an attempt to address the structural problems in the countryside.

Answer 17

1. Martial law in 1972

Question 18

(1)___ ___ was a rice self-sufficiency program in which farmers were able to borrow from banks and purchase (2)___ ___ plots of land.

Answer 18

1. Masagana 99
2. three-hectare

Question 19

(1)___ ___ ___ granted lands to tenants occupying (2)___ ___ on rice and corn.

Answer 19

1. Operation Land Transfer
2. seven hectares

Question 20

In (1)___, the Republic Act No. (2)___, or the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, introduced the (3)___ ___ ___ ___ (CARP).

Answer 20

1. 1988
2. 6657
3. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

Question 21

CARP enabled the redistribution of agricultural lands to (1)___-___. Landowners were compensated and were allowed to retain ownership of no more than (2)___ ___ of land. Instead of turning their land to the government, they were legally allowed to distribute a portion of their capital stock, equity or participation in favor of the (3)___.

Answer 21

1. tenant-farmers
2. 5 hectares
3. farmers

Question 22

Post-1986 Agrarian Reform

The Congress, which was mainly dominated by landed elites, was unwilling to fund the costs of CARP, thus it accomplished only ___ ___ of the land distribution in 6 years.

Answer 22

22.5 percent

Question 23

President Aquino also allowed the option for stock redistribution. Eventually, ___ ___ turned itself into a corporation and mainly distributed stocks among its farmers instead of land.

Answer 23

Hacienda Luisita

Question 24

During the (1)___ administration, the (2)___ ___ ___ ___ (DAR) was able to distribute (3)___ ___ of the total area covered by CARP. Despite the lack of funding, time constraints, and lack of participation, CARP was expedited to meet the (4)___-___ time frame.

Answer 24

1. Ramos
2. Department of Agrarian Reform
3. 58.25 percent
4. ten-year

Question 25

President Ramos signed the Republic Act No. (1)___ in (2)___ to amend CARP. The program was extended to another (3)___ years.

Answer 25

1. 8532
2. 1998
3. ten

Question 26

Agrarian Reform in the Present Time

In (1)___, the deadline of the extended CARP came to pass.
Despite this, 1.6 million hectares of agricultural land remained undistributed to the 1.2 million farmers.

President (2)___ ___ signed the Republic Act No. (3)___, or the (4)___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ (CARPER), which extended the deadline to five more years, from 2009 to 2014.

Answer 26

1.2008
2. Gloria Arroyo
3. 9700
4. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms