task A

Question 1

Human Behavior and Communication on the Learning Process

Answer 1

● An attempt to understand how and why humans act the way they do.
● Is a result of attempts to satisfy certain needs.
● Understanding Human Behavior leads to
successful instruction.
● Human behavior is a product both of innate human nature and of individual experience and environment.

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

Learning is a change in Behavior based upon Experience

Question 3

Instructor / Student Relationship

Answer 3

Each student has an individual style of learning
Each instructor has an individual style of teaching

This match or mismatch will contribute to a students satisfaction or dissatisfaction

Question 4

Human Needs

Answer 4

● Human Needs are the things all humans require for normal growth.
● Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs for Understanding Human Motivation.
● Human Needs are satisfied in the order of importance.

Question 5

Physiological Needs

Answer 5

● These are Physical / Biological Needs
● Air, food, water, and maintenance of the human body
● If a student is unwell, little else matters
● Unless the biological needs are met, a person cannot
concentrate fully on learning, self-expression, or any other
tasks.
● A hungry or tired student may not be able to perform as
expected

Question 6

Safety & Security

Answer 6

● All humans have a need to feel safe.
● Security needs are about keeping oneself from harm.
● If a student does not feel safe, he or she cannot
concentrate on learning.
● This isn’t just in the Aircraft, it is in life!!!!

Question 7

Social (Belonging)

Answer 7

● When individuals are physically comfortable and do not feel threatened, they seek to satisfy their social needs of belonging
● Maslow relates that people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation. This involves both giving and receiving love, affection, and the sense of belonging
● Instructors should help new students feel at ease and to reinforce their decision to pursue a career or hobby in aviation

Question 8

EGOISTIC (Self-Esteem)

Answer 8

● Esteem is about feeling good about oneself.
● Humans have a need for a stable, firmly based, high level of self-respect and respect from others.

Question 9

Humans get esteem in two ways

Answer 9

○ Internally, a person judges his/herself worth by personal standards.
○ Externally it is from others

Question 10

High self-esteem results in

Answer 10

○ self-confidence
○ independence
○ achievement
○ competence
○ knowledge

Question 11

Self- Fulfillment

Answer 11

● When each of the foregoing needs are satisfied
● Then and only then are the needs for self-fulfillment / self-actualization activated.
● A person’s need to be and do that which the person was “born to do.”

○ self-actualization is to “be all you can be.”

Question 12

Human Nature

Answer 12

general psychological characteristics, feelings and behavioral traits shared by all humans

Question 13

Motivation

Answer 13

is the reason a person acts or behaves in a particular way and lies at the heart of a person goals

Question 14

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 14

A physiological response that protects or preserves
organisms.
● An Unconscious response, your body just reacts.
● When humans experience a danger or a threat, the “fight or flight” response kicks in.

Question 15

Denial

Answer 15

A refusal to accept external reality because it is too threatening. It is the
refusal to acknowledge what has happened, is happening, or will happen
you aren’t aware

Question 16

Repression

Answer 16

A person places uncomfortable thoughts into inaccessible areas of
the unconscious mind.

Question 17

Displacement (aggression)

Answer 17

An unconscious shift of emotion, affect, or desire from the original object to a more acceptable, less threatening substitute.

Question 18

Rationalization

Answer 18

A subconscious technique for justifying actions that
otherwise would be unacceptable

Question 19

Fantasy (flight)

Answer 19

Occurs when a student engages in daydreams about how things should be rather than doing anything about how things are.

Question 20

Projection

Answer 20

Occurs when an individual places his or her own unacceptable impulses onto someone else .

Question 21

Reaction Formation

Answer 21

Student fakes a belief opposite to the true belief because the true belief causes anxiety.
saying opposite of what you mean
you are aware

Question 22

Anxiety

Answer 22

● A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about something that is going to happen…Typically something with an
uncertain outcome

Question 23

Stress

Answer 23

● Feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to cope with mental or emotional pressure.
● The adrenal gland activates hormones, which prepare the body to meet the
threat or to retreat from it. (the fight or flight syndrome)

Question 24

normal reaction to stress

Answer 24

Normal individuals begin to respond rapidly and exactly within their limits of their experience and training.
● Many responses are automatic, highlighting the need for proper training in
emergency operations.

Question 25

abnormal reactions to stress

Answer 25

○ Extreme over-cooperation. ○ Painstaking self-control.
○ Inappropriate laughter or singing.
○ Rapid changes in emotions.
○ Severe anger directed at the flight instructor or others.
○ Marked changes in mood as in: Excellent morale followed by deep
depression.

Question 26

instructor observes abnormal reaction to stress

Answer 26

the student capacity for learning has ceased

Question 27

Elements of Communication

Answer 27

Source
Symbol
Receiver

Question 28

Instructional Enhancement

Answer 28

● An instructor never stops learning.
● Additional knowledge and training will help the instructor’s confidence and give the instructional presentation more depth.
● It is important for an instructor to tailor whatever information that is being presented with the learning level of the students.

Question 29

Questioning

Answer 29

shows the student that the instructor is paying attention, and that the instructor is interested in the student’s response. An instructor should ask focused, open-ended questions and avoid closed-ended questions.

Question 30

Instructional Communication

Answer 30

instructor has explained a
particular procedure and subsequently determined that the desired student response has occurred