Task 6 - Taste and eating

Question 1

Ghrelin (hormones for food intake and digestion)

Answer 1

signals of hunger to the brain - increase before eating and decrease after

Question 2

Insulin (hormones for food intake and digestion)

Answer 2

response to rising blood glucose levels after eating - storage of energy

Question 3

glucagon (hormones for food intake and digestion)

Answer 3

stimulating insulin release, reduce appetite

Question 4

cortisol (hormones for food intake and digestion)

Answer 4

released in response to stress

Question 5

melatonin (hormones for food intake and digestion)

Answer 5

influence appetite and metabolism

Question 6

CKK (hormones for food intake and digestion) - short term

Answer 6

response to the presence of food, release of digestive enzymes and bile

Question 7

leptin (hormones for food intake and digestion) - long term

Answer 7

regulator of energy balance

Question 8

lepostatic hypothesis

Answer 8

circulating factors, generated in proportion to body fat stores, acted as signals to the brain, eliciting changes in energy intake and expenditure

Question 9

Peptide YY (hormones for food intake and digestion) - long term

Answer 9

released by the digestive tract - appetite suppressing hormone

Question 10

taste buds

Answer 10

specialized cells located on the tongue, each taste bud contains taste receptors cells that detect specific taste qualities (sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami)

Question 11

taste sensations

Answer 11

food - taste receptors - brain

Question 12

nerve signals

Answer 12

taste receptor - nerve fibers - taste nerves - gustatory cortex

Question 13

individual variation

Answer 13

sensitivities and genetics can influenced - exposure to certain tastes, age and health condition

Question 14

dopamine in relation to eating

Answer 14

reward and pleasure - “feel-good” neurotransmitter, seek rewarding, associative learning

Question 15

serotonin in relation to eating

Answer 15

regulating mood - unbalanced serotonin = mood disorders

feeling of fullness

Question 16

western diet

Answer 16

can lead to obesity bc of high levels of processed food and added sugars,

developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes - cells become less responsive

mood and mental health: negatives effects on brain function and neurotransmitter regulation

addictive eating patterns: sugar and fat can trigger reward center in the brain leading to overconsumption