Task 4 - Neurons in action

Question 1

Action potential

Answer 1

rapid (positively charged) change in the membrane potential of a cell - communication within the nervous system and contraction of muscles

Question 2

1. Resting state (action potential)

Answer 2

negative membrane potential

Question 3

2. stimulus (action potential)

Answer 3

neurons is stimulated and is strong to reach the threshold - triggers the voltage ion channels in the cell membrane

Question 4

3. Depolarization (action potential)

Answer 4

opening of this channels allows positively charged ions to flow into the cell (sodium)

Question 5

4. Repolarization (action potential)

Answer 5

opening of potassium channels and sodium channels start to close

Question 6

5. hyperpolarization

Answer 6

membrane potential becomes more negative than in the resting state - potassium channels start to close and sodium channels reset

Question 7

chemical transmission

Answer 7

action potential arrives at the axon terminal triggering the voltage - gated calcium channels to open, vesicles are pushed to the membrane and exocytosis occurs = activation of postsynaptic neurons (opening of ion channels)

Question 8

electrical synapses

Answer 8

direct contact with the adjacent neuron, connection made trough the gab junctions - found in specific regions of the nervous system

Question 9

chemical synapses

Answer 9

most common type - occurs trough release and reception of chemical

Question 10

myelin

Answer 10

speed up transmission of nerve impulses - fatty substance

Question 11

Electrochemical transmission

Answer 11

Ver resumen

Question 12

glia cells

Answer 12

provide protection for neurons

Question 13

astrocytes

Answer 13

regulate blood flow and recycle neurotransmitters

Question 14

microglia

Answer 14

protect of invading pathogens or brain damage via inflammatory response

Question 15

Oligodendtrocytes

Answer 15

producing myelin (fatty substance) - efficient communaction