Task 6. Setting up research & sampling Flashcards
1
Q
Population
A
- all possible participants that fit the criteria
2
Q
Sample
A
- smaller subgroup chosen from the larger population
3
Q
Generalization
A
- ability to apply findings of a sample to a larger population
- requires a representative sample
- one of the important factors for external validity
4
Q
Random sample
A
- every person in the population has an equal chance of being chosen, necessary for generalization, but difficult to obtain
5
Q
Nonrandom sample
A
- individuals chosen from a highly specialized subpopulation
6
Q
Internet research sampling
A
- nonrandom, highly specialized, large but not representative (only ppl w )
7
Q
Animal studies sampling
A
- strains need to be exactly the same, usually the exact same litter because any kind of genetic mutation can affect the results
8
Q
Factors to consider when acquiring a research sample
A
1) research setting: lab or field
2) special needs of research: screening
3) ethical guidelines: APA
9
Q
Volunteer bias
A
- individuals that volunteer fundamentally different from the ones that don’t, lowered external validity
10
Q
Situational factors of volunteers
A
- interesting / important topis
- rewards
- personal acquaintance with the researcher
11
Q
Internal validity and volunteerism
A
- volunteers are trying to please the experimenter, altering the results
- volunteerism can serve as “motivation indicator”
12
Q
External validity and volunteerism
A
- WEIRD participant characteristics -> low generalizability
13
Q
Remedies for volunteerism
A
- making the appeals as interesting as possible
- make appeal as nonthreatening as possible
- state in what way the participants are important-> benefitting others
- if possible avoid stressful tasks
- personalized appeals
14
Q
Probability sampling
A
- each participants has a known probability of being in the sample -> ideally, all have an equal chance
15
Q
Representative sample
A
- closely matches the characteristics of a population
