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Behavioral Problems in childhood > Task 6: narcissism > Flashcards

Task 6: narcissism Flashcards

1
Q

social learning theory

A
  • narcissism is cultivated by parental overvaluation

- acquire narcissism through internalizing parents’ inflated views of them

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2
Q

parenting style in infancy/very young childhood & narcissism

A

-authoritarian: too little responsiveness + too much demandingness

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3
Q

parenting style in adolescence & narcissism

A

-indulgent: too great responsiveness + too little demandingness

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4
Q

permissive parenting & narcissism and aggression

A

not related to development of cognitive schemas (including narcissistic view) or aggression

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5
Q

lack of parental warmth & narcissism and aggression

A

-important in development of narcissism, negative self-views and child-to parent aggression

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6
Q

parental warmth & narcissism

A
  • girls: decrease in disconnection and rejection

- boys: predicted narcissism

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7
Q

defense of denial

A
  • Narcissism may be defensive process
  • Defend individual from anxiety associated with negative sense of self
  • Maintaining façade of self-importance, entitlement and condescension
  • Narcissist defends against recognition of self-doubt, vulnerability, and worthlessness
  • > the immature defense of denial at age 23 is associated with maladaptive narcissism
  • May explain continuity of maladaptive narcissism: protecting the individual over time from recognizing the negative consequences of maladaptive narcissistic behavior
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8
Q

Psychoanalytic theory of narcissism

A

narcissism cultivated by lack of warmth

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9
Q

General characteristics of Narcissism

A
  • Feel superior, fantasize about personal success, believe they deserve special treatment
  • When feeling humiliated: prone to lash out aggressively or violently
  • Increased risk for mental health problems: drug addiction, depression, anxiety
  • Higher in western countries
  • Levels increase in youth
  • 7 to 12 years: key developmental phase in which individual differences in narcissism first emerge
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10
Q

possible interventions narcissism

A

-Parent-training: help parents convey affection and appreciation to children without conveying that they are superior to others

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11
Q

adapative/autonomous

A
  • Healthy ambitions, energy, creativity and empathy
  • Underlying sense of self that is firm and cohesive
  • May be overly ambitious but have sufficient interpersonal sensitivity not to suffer the eventual rejection
  • Difference to self-esteem: high ambitions, preference to function without collaboration, idiosyncratic thought processes
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12
Q

maladaptive narcissism

A
  • Self-aggrandizement, power seeking, condescension, inflated sense of self that masks underlying feelings of vulnerability and insecurity
  • 2 subgroups:
    1) overt/grandiose: open expression of grandiosity, self-confidence, and condescension, willful manipulation and exploitation
    2) covert
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13
Q

precursors of narcissism in childhood

A
  • excessive need for attention and admiration, exhibitionism, impulsivity, aggression, and chronic violation of rules
  • possible to identify precursors at young age (3yo)
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14
Q

authoritarian/autocratic parenting style

A

-shape, control, evaluate according to a set standard
-obedience to authority is stressed
-orders are expected to be obeyed without explanation
-demanding & unresponsive
> child feels incompetent

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15
Q

autoritative/responsive parenting

A

-clear standards
-reasoning and explanation to influence behavior
-assertive but not intrusive
-consider child’s point of view
-assume that child has rights
-demand & responsive
> supports competent skill building and self-regulation, supports autonomy

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16
Q

indulgent/permissive parenting

A

-expresses affection easily
-difficult to punish
-does not require mature behavior
-more responsive than demanding
> supports sense of being respected and desirable to others
> in early childhood: positive results

17
Q

indifferent/uninvolved parenting

A

-handle problems alone, be independent, take responsibility
-neither demanding nor responsive
> child feels incompetent

18
Q

healthy adaptive narcissism

A
  • Predicted by early gratification of physical and psychological needs, authoritative or indulgent/permissive parenting
  • Authoritarian style: negative predictor
  • Indifferent parenting NOT a negative predictor
19
Q

SNS and self-presenation

A
  • > profile picture: most important means for self-presentation
  • > adolescents: receptive to SNS because they can connect to peers without adult surveillance and facilitate identity construction and experimentation within a social context
20
Q

extraversion and SNS

A

-Amongst big 5, extraversion most important personality trait in predicting SNS (social networking site)

21
Q

CMC - social compensation hypothesis

A
  • introverts gain more from CMC because use of platforms compensate for weaker social skills
  • > introverts found SNS more appealing than traditional communication methods and spent more time using SNS than extraverts
22
Q

CMC - rich-get-richer

A
  • extraverts gain more from usage, because offline sociability is transferred to CMC platforms
  • Extraversion related to social media usage
  • Most important predictor of SNS usage for emerging adults
  • Extraversion related to larger social networks on SNS
  • Likely that extraverts find SNS appealing as offline interactions and do not use it as substitution
23
Q

SNS and narcissism

A
  • accounted for self-presentation through self-generated content
  • profile picture: narcissistic adolescents rated their picture more attractive, fashionable, glamorous and cool than their less narcissistic peers did
  • more narcissistic: more acutely concerned about appearances
  • status update: more narcissistic -> more frequently updated
  • higher narcissism -> enjoy self-presentational mature of SNS
  • narcissism does not manifest in social network size and photo count (system-generated)
  • > contradicts results that more narcissistic people have larger online social networks
24
Q

SNS and extraversion

A
  • more extraverted: greater self-presentation through all features
  • can predict social network size and photo count
25
Q

diathesis stress model - narcissism

A
  • maladaptive socialization/sociocultural experiences (stress) -> activate temperamental or genetic vulnerabilities to develop narcissistic traits (the diathesis)
  • example: child high in approach temperament (sensitivity to rewards) + parents who are overvaluating the child -> child easily becomes overly dependent on positive attention
  • serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism: can increase susceptibility to socialization experiences
26
Q

consequences of narcissism

A
  • if self-views threatened: prone to respond emotionally and aggressively
  • links between narcissism and physical, verbal, and relational aggression as well as antisocial or delinquent behaviors
  • promotes stability of aggressive behavior
  • > narcissistic youths particularly prone to aggression if also high self-esteem
  • more likely to suffer from anxiety, especially social anxiety if low self-esteem
27
Q

psychological reactivity and narcissism

A
  • tendency to respond to triggering events with intense feelings or intrusive cognitions
  • > narcissistic children are prone to emotional extremes (positive and negative)
  • > reactivity may be particularly likely to manifest itself following ego-threatening events
28
Q

intergenerational transmission of violence within the family

A
  • Victimized by parents, parents aggressing against each other or siblings aggressing against each other: increase likelihood of child-to-parent aggression
  • Child to father aggression: family violence was only predictor in boys
  • Exposure to family violence did not predict an increase in justification of violence
  • Exposure to violence = direct influence on aggression
29
Q

Schemas as mediators for aggression

A
  • Parents lack of warmth and support: development of schemas involving feelings of disconnection and rejection by others and narcissistic self-views
  • Disconnection and rejection predicted child-to-parent aggression in boys and girls
  • Narcissism: predicts c-t-p aggression only in boys
  • Rejection and narcissism not predicted by exposure to violence
  • Parenting style influences aggression on a indirect way through schemas

Behavioral Problems in childhood (6 decks)

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