Task 6- Developmental psychology

Question 1

how are mental processes influenced throughout human development?

Answer 1

some are innate, some are influenced by the environment

Question 2

these changes can be seen as both…

Answer 2

positive and negative

Question 3

how do psychologists study development?

Answer 3

by comparing ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ development (can help find treatments and diagnosis)

Question 4

what were Robinson’s three ways in which adults maintain relationships?

Answer 4

forms of address, shaking hands and politeness

Question 5

how does hearing loss affect communication?

Answer 5

hearing loss at birth can be disruptive for language development. It can be associated with other disabilities that may affect communication skills and language

Question 6

what are the types of hearing impairment?

Answer 6

conductive- a treatable form- usually from infection

sensorineural- damage to the nerves

Question 7

what are some strategies for hearing impairment?

Answer 7

hearing aids, cochlear implants, lip-reading, Auslan (sign language)

Question 8

what can prevent effective communication?

Answer 8

speaking too fast, speaking too soft, using the same tone, long sentences, including unnecessary detail

Question 9

what are the 4 levels of communication?

Answer 9

facts, knowledge and information
thoughts and beliefs
feelings and emotions
formal and polite

Question 10

what are some examples of non-verbal communication?

Answer 10

body language, gestures, physical distance, facial expressions, touch and smell

Question 11

what are some examples of effective communication?

Answer 11

listener/receiver attributes, active listening, working collaboratively, assertive communication

Question 12

what are barriers within effective communication?

Answer 12

being distracted and half-listening, topping the speaker with a better story and being judgemental

Question 13

what 3 steps does assertive communication require?

Answer 13

• saying something that shows you are trying to understand the other person’s position
• stating the problem and what you would like to change
• making a specific statement about what you want to change

Question 14

what are some causes of delayed communication?

Answer 14

hearing impairment, autism, intellectual disability and several psychosocial issues

Question 15

what are some effects of delayed communication?

Answer 15

struggle with engaging in simple conversation, inability to form coherent sentences, difficulty following directions, poor pronunciation or articulation, difficulty putting words in a sentence or leaving some out

Question 16

what is developmental psychology?

Answer 16

developmental psychology (related to human development) is concerned with changes in people that occur throughout their lifespan. It is a scientific approach that aims to explain growth, change and consistency

Question 17

what is Piaget’s theory?

Answer 17

his theory was that children were like ‘little scientists’ who tried to make sense of the world that surrounds them rather than simply absorbing information passively

Question 18

what were Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?

Answer 18

• sensorimotor
• pre-operational
• concrete operational
• formal operational

Question 19

what were Durkins 4 types of physical distancing?

Answer 19

• the intimate zone (close relationships ie family, friends)
• the personal zone (people who are friends)
• the social distance zone (functional relationships- teacher + student)
• the public distance zone (strangers in public places)

Question 20

what were Piaget’s schemas?

Answer 20

• assimilation: when schema takes in a new experience and builds on current knowledge
• accommodation: when schemas change to incorporate new information

Question 21

what are schema’s?

Answer 21

a mental structure or concept that helps people organise and interpret information

Question 22

what is nature vs nurture in terms of development

Answer 22

it is the extent to which our development is affected by what we inherit vs environmental influences (genetic component is fixed). Both concepts play a part in human development

Question 23

what were some weaknesses on Piaget’s theory

Answer 23

• not universally recognised by other theorists

- can vary (not a definitive theory)

Question 24

what were some strengths on Piaget’s theory

Answer 24

• definitive stages (clear setup)

- very specific behaviours (easy to follow)