task 5 (lecture 6) dual process

Question 1

Social learning:
Bandura (1977): people actively process the relationship between behavior and consequences

Answer 1

 Learning is a cognitive process within a social context
 Learning by observation of behavior and consequences (vicarious reinforcement)
 Learning entails observation, information extraction and decision making (modeling)
 Role of reinforcement
 Cognition, environment, and behavior mutually influence each other (reciprocal determinism

Question 2

Explicit vs implicit cognitions

Answer 2

 Explicit cognitions
 Introspection
 Self‐report

 Implicit cognitions
 Indirect: reaction times
 No introspection
 No decisions, only associations

Question 3

Dual‐process

Answer 3

 Behavior is determined by
two different types of
cognitive processes

Question 4

Dual-proces: MODE model

Answer 4

1. Automatic
   cognitive processes
2. Controlled
   cognitive processes (such as motivation and opportunity)

Both lead to behaviour.

 Motivation & Opportunity as Determinants

Question 5

Dual-proces: reflective and impulsive model

Answer 5

 Reflective system: Knowledge, reasoning, decision making
 Impulsive system: Associative network

Question 6

Dual‐process & addiction

Answer 6

• Hyperactive impulsive system
   Rewarding value of drugs
   Changes in associative network (learning)
• Attentional bias
• Automatic associations
• Behavioral schemata

Question 7

Boundary conditions

Answer 7

Situational
 Cognitive capacity
 Cognitive load, stress, fatigue, ego depletion, …

Dispositional
 Executive functions
 Working memory, response inhibition, affect
regulation, .