Task 5 - From Thinking Animals To Behaviorism

Question 1

Anthropomorphic Interpretation

Answer 1

The attribution of human motives and human-like intelligence to other living creatures.

Question 2

Briton George Romanes

Answer 2

1848-1894
Used a method of observation of behavior combined with the assumption that animal minds resembled human minds.

Question 3

Edward Lee Thorndike

Answer 3

1874-1949
Father of behaviorism
1- law of effect
2 - Instrumental conditioning (later called operant conditioning)

Mechanomorphism
Theriomorphism

Foundation of experimental animal psychology

Question 4

Mechanomorphism

Answer 4

The attribution of only mechanistic properties to psychological phenomena.

Question 5

Theriomorphism

Answer 5

The attribution of the qualities of nonhuman animals to human beings.

Question 6

Mechanicotheriomorphism

Answer 6

The attribution of mechanical properties to phenomena that are psychological in nonhuman animals, that are in tun used rose plain human psychological phenomena.

Question 7

Law of effect

Answer 7

Thorndike.
Behavioral law referring to the fact that behaviors followed by positive consequences are strengthened and more likely to be repeated.

Question 8

Instrumental conditioning

Answer 8

Thorndike.
A term referring to the learning on basis of the law of effect.

Question 9

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 9

1849-1936
Believed that psychology could be reduced to physiology (thinking is just a set of reflexes).
Discovered Classical Conditioning.

Question 10

Behaviorism

Answer 10

A movement in psychology arguing that observable behaviors are the most important aspect if human functioning to be understood.

Question 11

John Watson

Answer 11

1878-1958
A scientist and editor of the Psychological Review Journal that he used to promote the case for animal research.
Did the Little Albert experiment (demonstrated classical conditioning in a baby).

Question 12

Philosophy of science

Answer 12

A branch of philosophy that studies the foundations of scientific research to better understand the position of scientific research relative to other forms of information acquisition and generation.

Question 13

Burrhus Fredric Skinner

Answer 13

1904-1990
A successor of Watson who is well-known for his research on operant conditioning and radical behaviorism.

Question 14

Radical Behaviorism

Answer 14

A strong version of behaviorism, defended by Skinner, which denies the relevance of information processing in the mind and holds that all human behavior can be understood on the basis of S-R associations.
• Skinner views humans as having much less control over their actions than they assume; stated that humans do not have free will and that all of our behavior is shaped by the contingencies in our environment that reward and punish us.

Question 15

Edward Tolman

Answer 15

1886-1959
A behaviorist, thought that operant conditioning could not be understood in simple S-R terms and designed studies to demonstrate it.

Question 16

Latent learning

Answer 16

Tolman.
The acquisition of knowledge that is not demonstrated in observable behavior.

Question 17

Purposive Behaviorism

Answer 17

Tolman.
A version of behaviorism which saw behavior as goal-related.

Question 18

Operant conditioning

Answer 18

Operant conditioning, sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning, is a method of learning that uses rewards and punishment to modify behavior. Through operant conditioning, behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated, and behavior that is punished will rarely occur.

Question 19

Classical Conditioning

Answer 19

Classical conditioning theory states that behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one, such as Pavlov’s dogs hearing a bell (neutral) and expecting food (positive). The learned behavior is called a conditioned response.