Task 5 - Experimental Psychology Flashcards
What trend during the 18th and 19th century lead to psychology becoming more distinct from philosophy?
The publishing of many psychological textbooks
What distinction did Wolff make in ca. 1730?
Rational vs Empirical Psychology
- > Rational: Science of the nature of the human soul; soul & mind-body problem
- > Empirical: Study of what actually happens in the human soul; about the ability to know, desire; based on experiences
What did Bain explain in his 1855 Textbooks “The senses and the intellect” and “The emotions and the will”?
Associationism
-> The theory that the mind learns by associating things
Why was Wundt’s psychological laboratory so important (besides the obvious reasons)?
Because before this point, there were only textbooks and courses at universities, but no real field of study when it comes to psychology.
Which term is heavily influenced by Gustav Fechner?
Psychophysics
What was Ribot’s opinion on introspection?
He said it could be scientific
What is a central view of Gestalt psychologists?
The human mind is more than the sum of its parts.
In America, the _____ approach was more prominent.
Functionalist
When did Behaviorism start to rise?
1920s
What happened in 1896, which had an important impact on psychology as a profession?
Witmer opened the first psychological clinic for diagnostic and treatment purposes of mentally ill.
Relate Freud to introspection
Introspection was his main method of inquiry
Who were important proponents of introspection?
- Wundt
- Freud
- Ribot
- Titchener
- Mill
- Spencer
- James
Who was against introspection?
Compte
How did experimentalism effect mentally ill patients?
The study of individual differences lead to a development of treatment for mentally impaired.
What were zeitgeist aspects at the beginning of the 20th century, that lead to psychology becoming more distinct?
- Individualization
- After WWI, there was an abundance of patients and test subjects for brain lesion studies
- Decrease of importance of religion
- Governmentalization (Psychology as part of public health issues)