Task 5 Flashcards
What 3 events influenced the Zeitgeist in Germany in the 19th century?
- University Reform: no more religion-dominance by RCC, replacing the scholastic method with teaching of new science without interference from theological faculty
- Defeat of Roman Empire: resulted in modernization of Prussia; new university model based on Wissenschaft and Bildung
- Baconian Research Style: inductive research and biology was added as a part of science, opening the path for psychology
What did Wundt do in the 1870s?
- 1874: came up with physiological psychology; psychology use experimental methods as physiology does
- 1875: started a lab at university of Leipzig
- 1879: officially opened institute for experimental psychology, the ‘Institute for Experimental Psychology’ -> birth of Psychology
What were Wundt’s methods`?
- Experimental methods
- Introspection
- Historical method
What were Wundt’s Experimental method?
- psychophysical methods, measurement of duration of simple mental processes, accuracy of reproduction in memory tasks
What was Wundt’s Introspection?
- an experimental self-observation (repeated exposure to stimulus) to get information about contents of consciousness
- > made distinction between internal perception (practiced by philosophers) and experimental self-observation
What was Wundt’s Historical Method?
- studying the human mind (especially higher functions like social behavior) by investigating cultural differences
Who is William James and what method did he use? What was Darwin’s impact on his views?
- author of ‘the Jimmy’, a book on principles of psychology which had a big influence on psychology in the US
- Introspection, to him was the best method, as he was not a big fan of experimental methods
- became functionalist; saw continuity btw. animal and human way, opening the way for comparative psychology
What view did Edward B. Titchener defend?
Structuralism -approach to psychology consisting of trying to discover of the human mind by means of introspection; inspired by British philosophical tradition of empiricism and associationism
Who is Theodule Ribot?
- Questioned Comte; part of humanities
- pro introspection: but had t be combined with empirical observation and verification
Who is Jean-Martin Charcot? What three stages does hypnosis consist of according to him?
What was his concept ‘Mesmerism’
- one of the first neuronoligsts
- lethargy (sleep state), cataplexy, somnabulism (performing actions during sleep-state without recollection later)
- Mesmerism - movement of heavenly objects influence the body by means of ‘animal magnetism’, he sought to make it a cue for all kinds of illnesses
Who was Binet and what is his legacy?
- worked under Charcot
- Binet- Simon Test: together with Theodore Simon he came up with the first intelligence test with norms for normally developing children
How were the ‘insane’ treated throughout history?
- before: informal support through family
- 16th century: asylums - first prison-like
- 18th century enlightenment: asylums became more hospital-like
- late 19th century: neurologists came in and tried to fix milder forms of mental problems outside asylums
Who was Sigmund Freud and what two treatment methods did he create?
- trained physician, who started a private medical practice (1886) that specialized in neurology
- Psychological treatment& Psychoanalysis
What were the two Methods Freud used?
- Medical case studies: intensive study of an individual within the context of their own world
- Introspection: not about literal meaning of what patient says but the interpretation of the therapist
How did Psychology begin in the UK and who were the Key persons?
Universities were up until the 19th century heavily dominated by the RCC and then Church of England (mainly oriented towards classics; humanities& mathematics)
- 1887: Catell - first attempt to establish psychology in Cambridge failed
- 1893: Rivers then Myers - second attempt to establish psychology in Cambridge
- 1826: foundation of UCL in London; more interested in science and study of human mind
