Task 2 The media and me

Question 1

What is entertainment education? Define it in one sentence

Answer 1

“Prosocial messages that are embedded into popular entertainment media content”

Question 2

To what does Entertainment education refer to?

Answer 2

Refers to media that can both entertain and educate, in order to increase audience members knowledge about an issue and change overt (public) behaviors

Question 3

Which effects can EE message have on the viewer?

Answer 3

E-E message can exert some persuasive effects on viewers, but these effects vary depending on the characteristics of the viewer / individuals observe EE differently

It seems that E-E may be more effective for some, but perhaps harmful to others, depending on how the message is interpreted and/or enjoyed

Question 4

What was the aim of the study “medical dramas on televise- a brief guide for education” ?

Answer 4

Researchers hope that their brief guide will encourage others to consider integrating television dramas into their teaching and to explore how this dramas may be used most effective in medical education

Question 5

What did they do in the study “medical dramas on televise- a brief guide for education”?

Answer 5

8 episodes from different medical dramas were watched and a short guide to each drama, providing a brief introduction, identifying common themes addressed and suggesting possible applications in medical education was then made

Question 6

Name 5 good aspects of medical EE the study “medical dramas on televise- a brief guide for education” has shown

Answer 6

Good/Bad examples can be used to show how one should/shouldn’t act

Contain a wealth of material suitable to be integrated into medical education

Can add to learners’ knowledge and comfort level in dealing with medical topics

Teach professionalism and communication skills

Learners enjoy the teaching method -> better results?

Question 7

Name 2 bad aspects the study “medical dramas on televise- a brief guide for education” has shown

Answer 7

Legitimacy problems as the line between right and wrong in those dramas is not clear-cut

Negative portrayals of the characters: unethical behaviour & lapses in professionalism

Question 8

What is the conclusion of the study “medical dramas on televise- a brief guide for education”

Answer 8

If material is appropriately selected (which it must), using medical dramas for education can improve teaching

Question 9

Name 3 problems / forms in which 16 and pregnant differ from real life

Answer 9

Mothers more likely to be younger, white and had healthy babies, compared to the national average

Babies fathers were more involved in the daily care of the babies, compared to reality

Medical insurance or government assistance was almost never discussed

Question 10

What was the ultimate aim of the show?

With whom did they collaborate with ?

Answer 10

This show collaborated with The National Campaign with the ultimate aim of reducing teen pregnancy

Contains callout with sexual health information

Question 11

Why does Teen mom lost its original goal of educating viewers?

Answer 11

moms have become celebrities

show has lost its original goal of simultaneously educating viewers

now focuses too much on fame, rather than caution about the consequences of unprotected sex

Question 12

What is the main goal of EE?

Answer 12

The main goal of entertainment-education is behavior change

Its proven that entertainment-education programing can influence behavior across a variety of health and social issues such as safe sex

Question 13

Explain the message of Baduras Social cognitive theory

Answer 13

rewards and punishments that humans experience are central to determining whether certain behaviors are imitated

Question 14

explain the process of vicarious learning

Answer 14

Human knowledge and behavior are learned through direct experience or through observation of media models

viewers can learn attitudes and normative believes or scripts from observing a media model

Question 15

Which models viewers are more likely to imitate?

Answer 15

Viewers are more likely to imitate models that are rewarded than the that are punished

Question 16

Name an example for a negative and a positive consequence of teen pregnancy which would influence the imitation of the viewer

Answer 16

Representations that emphasize the negative consequences of teen pregnancy (dropping out of school) would discourage teen pregnancy

Representations that emphasize the positive consequences (bonding with baby) would encourage favorable attitudes about teen pregnancy

Question 17

Do the programs actually portray teen pregnancy as it occurs in real life?

Answer 17

Shows do not portray teen pregnancy as seen in American society, they rather offer a sanitized version of it

Question 18

How are been mothers on teen mom reality programs portrayed as compared to national average?

Answer 18

Differences in demographics: Age, gender, marital status, living arrangements…

Overrepresentation of younger mothers & fathers, underrepresentation of non-white mothers & fathers…

Question 19

Does it discourage kids to become pregnant at a young age as it is supposed to or does it actually encourage them?

Answer 19

Miss to address those most at risk of teen pregnancy (girls of color)

Biggest social learning effect when model is perceived as similar to the viewer

Question 20

How are the fathers portrayed?

Answer 20

Fathers in reality less involved with their children

Question 21

How does the health of babies compare to national averages?

Answer 21

Children have in reality more health issues

Question 22

Has Teen Mom lost the original message of 16 and Pregnant?

Answer 22

16 and Pregnant more accurate than Teen Mom

Although birth rate among teens may be declining, it is not because of exposure to the messages contained within these programs

Question 23

Viewers are most likely to be affected if models are..

Answer 23

attraktive
similar to themselves
rewarded for actions

Question 24

What was the aim of the study “comparing the effect of entertainment and educational television programming on risky sexual behavior”?

Answer 24

To see whether an EE program can promote safer sex intentions and behavior among young adults in the US and to see how the effects of EE compare to traditional educational messages about teen pregnancy

Question 25

What were the results of the study “comparing the effect of entertainment and educational television programming on risky sexual behavior”?

Answer 25

EE is most effective when dealing with an audience that lacks experience & that is interested in the topic (elaboration-likelihood)

Increased potential for unintended interpretations of the message (can be harmful) as message designers have far less control over take-away message

Question 26

Why is it better to watch 20 minutes of scrubs and discuss for 20 minutes than to watch a 50 minutes lecture?

Answer 26

Is closer to real life experience 
No bioethical class can provide such a visual experience to learn the ethics in these situations compared to these tv dramas 

You can discuss ethics in real life situation

Students are far more engaged

The lesson is more memorable

Question 27

explain the meaning of Homophily

Answer 27

= the degree to which viewers perceive themselves to be like the characters, in terms or traits, abilities and backgrounds

Question 28

Explain the meaning of Parasocial interaction

Answer 28

= the degree to which viewers perceive a relationship of friendships with the media personality based of attraction to the media persona

Question 29

What was the aim of the study “understanding the effect of MTVs 16 and pregnant on adolescent girls beliefs, attitudes and behavioral intentions towards teen pregnancy” ?

Answer 29

To examine the impact of 16 and pregnant on adolescent girls pregnancy-related attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intention

Question 30

Explain the connection of social cognitive theory with homophile and para-social interaction

Answer 30

homophily (perceived similarity to the character) and para-social interaction (attraction to the character) have a positive effect on learning outcomes. Homophily should depend on past viewing (more involved) and perception of the received message.

Question 31

Explain the influence of homophily and para-social interaction to viewers of 16 and pregnant

Answer 31

(Girls who watched 16 and pregnant) Homophily & para-social interaction predicted acceptance of teen pregnancy myths, less perception of risk, greater benefits associated with pregnancy than risks, perception that teen pregnancy cannot be avoided

Question 32

Name 3 variables which are thought to be predictive of behavioral change

Answer 32

Participants’ attitudes about teen pregnancy, or their positive evaluation of being a teen parent

Participants’ normative beliefs about teen pregnancy, including their perception of being a teen parent

Participants’ behavioral beliefs, reflected in their assessment of risk for getting pregnant