Targets Flashcards
What are two targets for drugs?
- receptors
- enzymes
Many receptors have…
cognate ligands (small molecules)
What do agonists do?
activate receptor the same way a cognate ligand would
- cognate ligand doesn’t need to be there
What do antagonists do?
block effects of cognate ligand
- won’t work if there is no ligand
What do partial agonists do?
activates receptor system, but not fully
Antagonists have to interact with…
receptor’s binding functional groups
- have to interact in a way so protein doesn’t change shape
An enzyme inhibitor will always…
inhibit enzymatic pathway
- blocks expression of critical step
A direct inhibitor will…
compete for active site with normal substrate
What is a non-competitive inhibitor?
binds to allosteric site to inhibit enzyme
What has to be true for enzyme inhibitors?
- long lived in system
- have to be able to be cleared from system
Types of enzymes:
- hydrolyze proteins and peptides
- terminate signaling
- add/remove phosphate
What do D and L enantiomers refer to?
rotation of light
What do R and S enantiomers refer to?
stereochemistry
- R: clockwise
- S: counterclockwise
