Functional Group Intro Flashcards
Characteristics of purely C-H molecule:
- very hydrophobic
- combine with polar FG to make more polar
Charge on molecules affect:
- solubility with H2O
- makes drug difficult to cross membrane
More hydrophilic means…
not as easy to cross lipid membrane
Characteristics of alcohol:
- quite polar
- solubility depends on length of CH
- branching in a drug decreases solubility
Characteristics of carboxylic acid:
- ionized and unionized (more polar)
- more polar than OH b/c of EWG
- EWG on C adj to double bond increases H bonding ability
Characteristics of ester:
- more lipophilicty than OH and carbox
- increases absorption
- when hydrolyzed, active form released or can be deactivated
Charged functional groups have the strongest interaction with…
water
- least with lipid
Non-polar molecules work best with…
lipids
Characteristics of amide:
- made of peptide bonds of proteins
- stable and hydrophobic
- lasts in stomach and intestine
Characteristics of carbamates:
- more stable than ester
- easier to hydrolyze than amide
Characteristics of urea:
- more polar than amide
- adds more solubility and dispersive problems
Characteristics of amides:
- polar
- alkaline
- N can be protonated and turn to charged
- gives solubility
Characteristics of alkyl groups:
- lipophilic
- increased groups = increased lipophilicity
Characteristics of halides:
- hydrophobic
- EWG increase as size decrease
Characteristic of F:
- used instead of H to increase dipole
- blocks aromatic metabolism
