Tanzania Flashcards
Which country initially occupied Tanzania and what was it called
Germany called it German East Africa
Which country was a British protectorate
Zanzibar
What happened with Tanzania during WW1
Britain acquired Tanzania and renamed it Tanganyika
What does TANU stand fro
Tanganyika African National Union
How did Tanganyika and Zanzibar gain independence
Nationalists in TANU fought for freedom from colonial rule. Zanzibar gained independence a few years after Tanganyika. They united and formed the Republic of Tanzania
Who was Tanzania’s first president
Julies Nyerere
What was TANU’s policy from the beginning
To forge an African way of life based on socialism to bring about unity among different ethnic groups
What type of society did Nyerere want to create
An egalitarian society where everyone participated productively in national life and benefited equally from the state
What did Nyerere speak out against
Development of an African elite who didn’t understand or care about the well-being of the citizens
Why was Nyerere’s vision for Tanzania see as idealistic
- He wanted it not to be divided by tribe, race or class but united by a common national identity
- People had to identify as Tanzanian eve though there were 130 different tribes
What was Nyerere concerned about
- Promoting, securing and retaining national control over the economy
- Creating political institutions that would create a sense of common purpose that served to unite people under TANU
- Building a fair society, free of income inequalities where all could share the benefits of development
What was Nyerere’s ultimate wish for Tanzania
To make a self-sufficient country and he was totally against foreign assistance
Who was Julies Nyerere
His father was the chief of the Zanzibar tribe. He completed Scotland became a teacher. He went to Europe on a scholarship. He formed the first political party, TANU. He became prime minister and then president. He crated a new party, CCM, by merging TANU with the Zanzibari party. He became very critical of single-party systems. He admitted that his policy of socialism was a failure and resigned from office. His foreign policy was successful and he supported many freedom struggles in other African countries and was critical of the Mobutu regime. He was a significant force behind the Pan-Africanist movements and was one of the founders of OAU
What does OAU stand for
Organization of African Unity
What did Nyerere’s policy of African socialism result in
The drawing up of the Arusha Declaration
What was in the Arusha declaration
- A new leadership code: top government officials were not allowed to make money by renting houses, running businesses or being directors of private companies.
- It called for self-reliance and an end to foreign aid (Tanzanians should rely on own hard work especially farming)
- It said that socialism and democracy work together and that democracy gave people more power over their own lives.
- all private banks and other businesses were nationalized the
- Workers Councils were started in the government owned firms
- More money was spent on primary schools than secondary school .˙. Small educated upper class
- A policy of Ujamaa Vijijini was announced (socialism in villages)
- expletive were encouraged to move to Ujamaa villages to share land, work and crops
What does Ujamaa mean
It is the Swahili word for family hood
What is Ujamaa
A social and economic policy
What is Ujamaa founded on
Freedom
Equality
Unity
Why is Ujamaa found on equality
It is the only way people will work cooperatively
Why is Ujamaa founded on freedom
An individual is not served by society unless it is his
Why is Ujamaa based on unity
It is the only way the members of society can live and work in peace, security and wellbeing
What did Nyerere say about Ujamaa villages
- They are socialist organization
- No one can be forced into one
- No official can tell members what to do
What did Ujamaa centre on
Collective agriculture under the process of villagisation
