Impact Of Internal And External Factors On Africa Flashcards
1
Q
What were the tree main internal factors that impacted Africa during decolonisation
A
Ethnicity
Civil wars
Environmental factors
2
Q
Why was ethnicity an issue
A
It created divisions which led to rivalry and instability
3
Q
What were the effects of the concept of ethnic identity
A
- Creation of ‘chiefs’ gave men authority
- System of indirect rule made administration of colony easier but influenced people to consider the interests of own ethnic group
- Social and regional rivalries developed
- After independence, ethnic rivalries caused instability in government because leaders would give jobs or scarce resources to own ethnic group
- Civil wars in African countries caused by ethic rivalries and often worsened foreign intervention
4
Q
What were the external factors that impacted Africa
A
Cold War
New-colonialism
5
Q
How did the Cold War impact Afrcia
A
- Political independence come during the height of Cold War and most governments wanted to stay neutral
- Many new African leaders were attracted to the OAU-advocated policy of non-alignment
- Underdeveloped countries that were nonaligned could ensure support from both eastern and western blocs
6
Q
How did neo-colonialism impact Africa
A
- Most African counties only exported one unprocessed agricultural or mineral commodity. Priced were determined by world markets which made the newly independent countries vulnerable when world prices fell. African countries were still economically dependent and were still being exploited
- Industries set up in Africa suited Europe and America. Donor countries maintained control of the development projects so they could exploit Africa’s resources
- Financial centres are in Europe and North America. Africa had to compete in global market although they could not determine their place in the global economy
7
Q
What was expected of Africa during the Cold War
A
That the USA and USSR would compete for influence over Africa
8
Q
Why was it expected that the USA nad USSR would compete for influence in Africa
A
- State of development .˙. Accept military and economic assistance from devolved world
- Civil wars and border disputed gave superpowers the opportunity to support one of the sides in various conflicts
- Most African countries were rich in raw materials
9
Q
Who enhanced rivalry in Africa
A
The USA and USSR
