Tanveer Notes Flashcards
Patient with bone pains having normal Calcium,Inc Alkaline phosphatase most
likely suffering from?
= Paget’s Disease ●Osteoporosis = Labs are normal ●Pagets disease = only ALP is raised ●Osteopetrosis = Only Ca is dec ●Osteomalacia = Vit D dec → dec Ca & phosphates → inc PTH & ALP
Erythropoiesis occurs in middle trimester mainly from?
= liver (Regarding Fetal erythropoiesis ●3 to 6 weeks = Yolk sac ●6 weeks till birth = Liver ●10 to 28 weeks= Spleen ●18 weeks to adult = Bone Marrow)
Vertebrae is derived from?
= Sclerotome
Memory center is located in?
= Temporal lobe
Also the centre for Deja vu Phenomena!!!
The most common type of salivary gland tumor is?
= Parotids
Destruction of Ant.pituitary gland causes dec.functioning of?
= Glom.fasiculata
( Remember the Mnemonic GFR ie
●Glomerulosa → aldosterone and this one is under the control of Angiotensin
not Fasiculata → Cortisol and this one is under the control of pituitary
●Reticularis → Sex steroids )
A normal looking Girl came to you with primary amenorrhea, on examination she was having short blind vagina wid normal vulva, scanty pubic n axillary hairs, normal breasts, absent uterus, her karyotype is?
= 46XY
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or Testicular Feminization!
Nerve supply to extensors of arm is supplied by?
= Post cord
(Radial nerve is from posterior cord )
(Medial side of the arm is supplied by Medial Cord).
Nerve injured in Ant dislocation of Shoulder joint is?
= Axillary
Damage to scaphoid bone causes injury to?
= Radial Artery
Common site of fracture at rib is?
= Angle
Most common histology found in lung tumors is?
= Adenocarcinoma
Patients comes with Rt. deviation of tongue, Dec.sense of touch and vibrations,the artery commonly involved in brain is?
= Ant.Spinal artery
whenever u see deviation of tongue in such a scenario, look for ant spinal artery in options
Soldier comes with heavy bleeding,the ideal fluid replacement would be?
= Whole blood for 3 days ( same for same, ie for heavy blood loss, prefer blood )
- If Bleeding is Moderate Enough = 3 Times RL as resuscitation first. If not RL in the options, Choose NS.
Maxillary sinus opens into?
= Middle meatus
Patient having increased levels of IgE,most probably suffering from?
= Parasitic infection
Autopsy done on the patient having CRF,most probable finding would be?
=
Hypertrophied PTH gland
Excitation of hypothalamus would cause?
= Shivering
(note for hypothalamus remember that
ANTERIOR is for cooling and POSTERIOR is for heating
ANTERIOR is parasympathetic center while POSTERIOR is sympathetic)
Foetal period starts after which week?
=8th (3-8 weeks = Embryonic period, this is most sensitive to teratogens, while fetal
period starts after week 8)
21-Patient having dec levels of factor II,VII,IX,X,most likely have
= Dec Vit.K
memorize vit K DEPENDENT FACTORS by 1972 ie factor 2,7 .9 ,and 10 consider 1 as = Factor 10
22-Young pt having Hb:6.0,TLC:3.5/ul,Plts:1lac is suffering from
= Aplastic
anemia
23-Nucleus ambigus supplies
= Larynx
(Nucleus ambigus is for IX,X,XI ie cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 also remember that
the parasympathic nucleus for vagus nerve is DORSAL NECLEUS, ASKED
REPEATEDLY IN PAST PAPERS)
24-Olfactory area is present in
= temporal gyrus
this the only sensation that doesn’t pass through thalamus
25-Patient with injury to left 8th cervical segment of spinal cord will not show following sign
= Dec sense of pain and temperature below the lesion on same side
(pain and temp loss are contralateral ie opposite to the lesion , while position and
vibrations senses are ipsilateral)
26-Feature of Rickets and Osteomalacia is
= Decreased bone density
27-Most common site of malignancy in pts suffering from nuclear outbreak
= Hematopoietic (don’t confuse it with head and neck radiations that causes Pupillary Thyroid CA)
28-Virus acts on cells by
= Involving protein synthesis
29-Most sensitive cells to hypoxia are
= Neurons
30-Myelin in CNS is formed by
= Oligodendrocytes
31-Feature not associated with irreversible cell injury is
= Myelin figures
For cpsp always remember Myelin figure = Reversible injury
32-Ureter is not constricted at
= Psoas muscle
33-Common relation of ureter is
= post.to gonadal vessels and Ant.to iliac Artery
34-Patient feels pain after she underwent surgery for fibroids, structure injured
would be
= Ureters
35-Least common site for ectopic pregnancy would be at
= Ovaries
36-Gall bladder is supplied by
= Only Cystic Artery
37-Venous drainage of urinary bladder is into
= Internal Iliac Vein
those who appear in Gyne exam, should cram the whole anatomy of urinary bladder
- Patient with fluid loss now show metabolic acidosis e hypokalemia. most fluid
loss will be through
= Colon ( colon is reservoir of HCO3 & POTASSIUM, and
in diarrhea both are lost resulting in acidosis and hypokalemia
39-Patient having hyperplastic bone marrow, anaemia, Increase Platelets is
probably suffering from
= Leaukemia
40-Stimulus for Erythropoietin secretion is
= Hypoxia
41-Erytropoiten is always raised in
= Sec.polycythemia
Polycythemia vera is only type of polycythemia in which there is Dec. EPO
43-Patient after gastrectomy is on VitB12,the cells lost in the gastrectomy
= parietal
44-Fat tags attached to the walls of large intestine are known as
= Appendeces
epiplocea
45-Bile salts are reabsorbed from the
= Ileum
46-Following is an autosomal dominant disease is
= Hereditary spherocytosis
47-Type of defect in Hereditary spherocytosis
= Structural defect
48-Patient with jaundice, anaemia,high reticulocyte count is having
= Hemolytic
anaemia
49-Ejaculatory duct opens into
= Prostatic urethra
50-Terminal part of CBD in relation to pancreas is
= Embedded into pancreas
51-Following would cause massive infarction and destruction leading to patient
death
= Thromboembolism
52- A 22yrs female pt.with 13th week of pregnancy after having crush fractures in RSA dies after 3 days, most likely cause of death is
= Fat embolism
(Note that if fracture and 3 days duration are not mentioned then better option
will be amniotic fluid embolism ie it causes immediate deaths)
53-Patient with old history of adenoCA of colon is operated for polypectomy,on
histologic evaluation pathologist labelled it as benign growth with no chances
into malignant transformation,it would be
= Tubular adenoma
54-Tyrosine derivative doesn’t include
= Prolactin
55-Precursor of steriod hormone is
= Cholesterol
58-Wasting of thenar eminence,loss of sensation over thumb and index finger,nerve involved is
= Median
Regarding wasting of the thenar eminence always click median nerve
59-The base of urinary bladder is made by
= Post surface
60-Shock without having vasodilation is likely associated with
= Burns
61-Following doesn’t form the layer of inguinal canal
= rectus abdominus
62-Femoral sheath is formed by
= Fasica transersalis and Fasica iliaca
63- The muscle involved in unlocking of knee joint is
= Poplitus,
64-External spermatic fascia is formed by:
= External oblique
65-In Turner syndrome, the genotype would be
= XO
66-Organ having least chances of infarction
= Liver
67-Type of necrosis in brain infarction
= Liquefactive
68-Pt.with cervical lymphadenopaty,+ve AFB sputum,sign to look for TB on
microscopy is
= caseous necrosis
69-Thyroid gland moves with swallowing because it is enclosed in
= Pretracheal
fasica
70-Neurovascular bundle in chest wall lies between
= Internal and Innermost
layers
71-Fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura is supplied by
= Phrenic Nerve
( Remember the Mnemonic i-e
●Fibrous pericardium = Phrenic (frenic) nerve
● Visceral pericardium = Vagus nerve)
72-Man is suffering from testicular ca,the lympahtic drainage of testis is into
=
Para aortic Lymph nodes
73-In exercise,the venous blood returns to the heart by
= Muscle pump in calves
74-Circulation in heart is maintained by
= Local metabolites
75-Fisherman is presented with gingival bleeding and ecchymosis,he is suffering
from
= Vit C deficiency
76-Factor affecting collagen synthesis during healing is
= Vit C
77-Mesothelioma is associated with
= Asbestos
78-Child having meckels diverticulum is having bleeding per rectum,it is due to
= Ectopic gastric tissue
79-During lactation,Amenorrhea is due to
= Inhibition of LH and FSH
80-Presence of pancratic tissue in gastric mucosa is termed as
= Choristoma
The other site for choristoma is Brain tissue in Nasal cavity
81-Main difference between primary and secondary intention wound healing is
= Wound contraction
82-Child with sore throat after 3 weeks developed oedema,haemturia,cause would be
= post streptococcal GN
83-Microscopic feature of polyarterites nodusa is
= Fibrinoid necrosis
(for any vasculitis remember fibrnoid nerosis, for brains liqufactive and for solid
organs remember coagulative necrosis , TB also has a type of coagluative
necrosis)
84-Angiotension II exerts its effects by activating
= Aldosterone
85-Tumor compressing optic chiasma would cause
= Bitemporal haemianopia
86-Growth hormone is maximally rasies in
= Exercise
( ●For max growth hormone sec NREM sleep > Exercise > REM
● if only sleep is mentioned then prefer Exercise and if NREM sleep is
mentioned then click it)
87.Lymph drainage of perianal skin is from one of the following
= medial group
of horizontal superficail nodes
88.Lesser omentum
= .connects with deudenum
89.Which of the following is not a feature of shock
= increased urine output
90.Which is most imp indicator of muscle protein loss
= urinary nitrogen
- what is true about DNA
= .Double stranded in which two strands are
antiparallel to each other
- Least chances of renal stones is associated with
= Hyperlipidemia
93.A pt came to you with primary amenorrhea, webbed neck, short stature
diagnosed as Turner syndrome, what is her karyotype
= A.45XO
94.supply of sphincter urethra comes from
= .Pudendal nerves
95.Thymus develops from
= endoderm of 3rd brachial pouch
96.A pt presented with an opening in the ant wall of sternocledomastoid muscle
with pussy discharge coming out of it.this problem occurred due to abnormality in one of the following
= 2nd pharyngeal cleft
97.Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to
= absence of pleuro-peritoneal
membrane
- Adult derivative of notochord is:
= Nucleus pulposis
99.Superior parathyroid gland develops from
= 4th brachial pouch
100.In cervical carcinoma,what is the lymph drainage
= both internal & external
iliac
- Cervical rib attached to transverse process will compress
= T1
though it can Compresses both C8 and T1
- Aortic aneurysm which structure not compressed
= Phrenic nerve
- Resting membrane potential achieved by
=Diffusion of potassium outside the cell (Achieved by K efflux, maintained by N-K ATPase Pump while
depolarization is maintained by Na influx)
- Liver weight
= 1.5 kg (1.44-1.66 kg is Range)
- What is median if values are 20 20 25 30 35 40 25 30
= 27.5
(Arrange in Ascending order 20 20 25 25 30 30 35 40 than take middle two values
25+30/2=27.5)
106.. Dead organisms in vaccine
= Pertussis
(Pertusis, Cholera, Influenza ,Inj Polio & Rabies all Killed vaccines while
Tetanus is Toxoid and MMR is Live attenuated)
107.Esophagectomy done , stomach is mobilized to upper portion of thorax, To
anastomosis with pharynx Which artery is responsible for stomach supply
=
Right gastroepiploic
- Patient is pregnant and suddenly faints. She’ll be positioned in left lateral
and not right lateral to avoid compression to which abdominal structure
= IVC
- Post op wound having greenish pus discharge organism involved
=
Pseudomonas
- Prevalence is
= All cases
Prevalence: All current cases (old & new) while incidence is just new cases
- Common carcinogen of CA Cervix
= HPV
112.Apex of the heart
= 8 cm from median plane
113.After normal delivery in primigravida the alive n healthy new born is given
feed
= After half hour ( Nelsons states 1 hour, but prefer half hour if in options )
- Diagnostic tumor marker for ovarian CA
= CA 125
- Which of the following prolong use of drug will cause persistent increase in
Gastrin secretion
= PPI
- A pt presented to his dentist due to inability to put his dentures, dentist
referred back to physician saying there is no dental problem, where is the lesion
= Substantia nigra
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
= Chromosome 9 & 22
- Steroids drug action on cells
= Act on Genes
all steroids & thyroxin act on genes
- ADH is inhibited by
= Alcohol
- Following has high clearance value
= PAH
- Scanty bar bodies
= Turner
(REMEBER IF ASKED
● Bar body diagnostic of then = klienfilter
● scanty bar body or no bar body then = turner
● bar body TEST is diagnostic for = turner)
- Which parasite is not transmitted thru orofecal route
= Trichenella Spiralis
Humans get it when they eat infected meat/pork
- Organelle having microtubules in its structure
= Centriole
- S1 nerve root lesion
= Loss of Ankle jerk
- Mucus not secreted by
= Terminal bronchioles
- Which of the following increases lower esophageal tone n speeds up gastric
emptying time
= Metoclopramide
- Diphtheria vaccine reaction
= type 3
remember any serum will cause serum sickness ie type 3 hypersensitivity
- Femoral nerve derived from which section of spinal cord
= L2 L3 L4
- Deep coma is caused by lesion of which nucleus
= Nucleus cerelous (REMEMBER IF ASKED ● Deep coma then nucleus cerelous ● Prolonged coma then Periq aquiductal gray matter ( p for prolonged & p for periquiductal & ●permanent coma = thalamus )
- A man of 70 has recurrent UTI cause
= Outflow Obstruction
(old age →chances of BPH → lead to outflow obstruction→ leading to recurrent
UTI)
- Normal FEV/FVC1 Ratio
= 0.8
- Compression effects on esophagus by which organ enlargement
= Left
Atrium
- Plasma Protein Binds With All Except
= Oxygen
- Patient presented in emergency, deeply comatosed,not responding to
nalaxone:
= Phenobarbital
- Cause of Mental retardation
= Fragile X Syndrome
( if down syndrome is mentioned then click it, because Fragile X syndrome is the
2nd most common cause)
- In IV drugs abusers
= Bacterial Endocarditis ( STAPH ARUEUS)
- Highest bioavailability of anti-emetics
= Metacloprmide
- X.ray of elbow of 12 yr girl, which Secondary ossification center will appear
last on x-ray
= Lateral Epicondyle
(capitellum > radial head > medial epicondyle > trochlea > olecranon > lateral
epicondyle → 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 (ODD Numbers so 11 is lateral epicondyle)
- Baby born on 4th day most common cause of Meningitis
= E.Coli
(REMEBER : in newborns, GROUP B STREP GROUP ie strep agalactea IS ON
THE TOP)
- A tall man with normal external genitalia married but had no kids he had
normal ejaculation period but semen analysis showed azoospermia cause may be
= Sertoli cell
- Pregnant lady anemic, Best lab investigation
= CBC
(IF ASKED IRON DEF ANEMIA THEN SERUM FERRITIN, TIBC may give
false value, cz its affected by pregnancy)
- Highest percentage of protein in
= HDL (NOTE THE POINT; IF ASKED HIGHEST THEN ●PROTEIN = HDL ●TGs = CHYLOMICRON > VLDL ●CHOLESTEROL = LDL)
- Soft Keratin with no nucleus found in
= Stratum corneum
- A newly married female came with pain in rt illiac fossa her TlC 12000 she
has fever n vomiting her lmp was 3 weeks back what is diagnosis
= Acute
Appendicitis
147.Open wound healing includes
= Contraction of myofibroblast
- Patient aged 65 years, is diagnosed to have severe aplastic anemia. HLA
compatible sibling is available. The best option of treatment is:
= Anti
thymocyte globulin followed by cyclosporine
●ATG & CYCLOSPORIN
donor= 1st line for non-severe aplastic anemia, or severe
aplastic > 40 years of age or sever aplastic who have no HLA identical sibling
●HSCT (transplant) = 1st line for the patients who have sever aplastic and have
HLA MATCHED sibling donor
- Most common S/E of use of histamine 1 blocker
= Sedation
- Decrease Insulin will
= Ketogenesis in Liver
- An obese man with h/o atherosclerosis underwent laparotomy due bleeding
in abdomen and during surgery his small gut was purple n sup mesenteric vein
was ok so what is dx
= Wet gangrene
- First heard sound is produced during
= Isovlumic contraction
- A patient came with c/o bitmep hemianopia so a blockage was seen at
= Upper part of optic chiasma ( best ans is optic chiasma, but if both upper and
lower part are in options, prefer the upper part of optic chiasma )
- 30 yr male newly diagnosed with HTN, on ECG lt ventricular hypertrophy,
serum cholesterol 200, FBS 88 mg%, urinary sugar ++ RFTs were normal, K 2.5
, Na 140, what is cause of his HTN
= Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Man With Weakness And Dysphagia, Blood Profile With Target Cells
= Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Which of the following in maternal serum for rubella should b an indication
for termination of pregnancy
= Ig M
- Epithelium of Conjunctiva
= Stratified Columnar Epithelium ( nonkeratinized
)
- Antioxidant Vitamin
= vit E
(REMEMBER IF ASKED
●Potent one then = Glutathion > vit E
●among vitamins then = vit E > vit C)
- Which of the following does not increase in stress for surgery
= Insulin
- Monitoring of HEP B virus can be done via
= SGPT (or ALT)
- Diseased ovary pain radiating to medial thigh of body due to nearby presence of
= Obturator Nerve
- Biguanides side affects
= Diarrhea and flatulence
- Patient with Gastrectomy presents with Anemia after One and half year,
what will you give
= Vit B12
- Data is collected for some clinical trial based on presence or absence of Vomiting. What type of data it is
= Nominal
(whenever asked about nominal remember = it’s the data type where u have to
ans between the two variables like YES OR NO, RIGHT OR WRONG ,
PRESENCE OR ABSCENCE etc while ordinal gives u order like PRIMARY > SECONDARY > TIRTIARY)