Tanveer Notes Flashcards
Patient with bone pains having normal Calcium,Inc Alkaline phosphatase most
likely suffering from?
= Paget’s Disease ●Osteoporosis = Labs are normal ●Pagets disease = only ALP is raised ●Osteopetrosis = Only Ca is dec ●Osteomalacia = Vit D dec → dec Ca & phosphates → inc PTH & ALP
Erythropoiesis occurs in middle trimester mainly from?
= liver (Regarding Fetal erythropoiesis ●3 to 6 weeks = Yolk sac ●6 weeks till birth = Liver ●10 to 28 weeks= Spleen ●18 weeks to adult = Bone Marrow)
Vertebrae is derived from?
= Sclerotome
Memory center is located in?
= Temporal lobe
Also the centre for Deja vu Phenomena!!!
The most common type of salivary gland tumor is?
= Parotids
Destruction of Ant.pituitary gland causes dec.functioning of?
= Glom.fasiculata
( Remember the Mnemonic GFR ie
●Glomerulosa → aldosterone and this one is under the control of Angiotensin
not Fasiculata → Cortisol and this one is under the control of pituitary
●Reticularis → Sex steroids )
A normal looking Girl came to you with primary amenorrhea, on examination she was having short blind vagina wid normal vulva, scanty pubic n axillary hairs, normal breasts, absent uterus, her karyotype is?
= 46XY
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or Testicular Feminization!
Nerve supply to extensors of arm is supplied by?
= Post cord
(Radial nerve is from posterior cord )
(Medial side of the arm is supplied by Medial Cord).
Nerve injured in Ant dislocation of Shoulder joint is?
= Axillary
Damage to scaphoid bone causes injury to?
= Radial Artery
Common site of fracture at rib is?
= Angle
Most common histology found in lung tumors is?
= Adenocarcinoma
Patients comes with Rt. deviation of tongue, Dec.sense of touch and vibrations,the artery commonly involved in brain is?
= Ant.Spinal artery
whenever u see deviation of tongue in such a scenario, look for ant spinal artery in options
Soldier comes with heavy bleeding,the ideal fluid replacement would be?
= Whole blood for 3 days ( same for same, ie for heavy blood loss, prefer blood )
- If Bleeding is Moderate Enough = 3 Times RL as resuscitation first. If not RL in the options, Choose NS.
Maxillary sinus opens into?
= Middle meatus
Patient having increased levels of IgE,most probably suffering from?
= Parasitic infection
Autopsy done on the patient having CRF,most probable finding would be?
=
Hypertrophied PTH gland
Excitation of hypothalamus would cause?
= Shivering
(note for hypothalamus remember that
ANTERIOR is for cooling and POSTERIOR is for heating
ANTERIOR is parasympathetic center while POSTERIOR is sympathetic)
Foetal period starts after which week?
=8th (3-8 weeks = Embryonic period, this is most sensitive to teratogens, while fetal
period starts after week 8)
21-Patient having dec levels of factor II,VII,IX,X,most likely have
= Dec Vit.K
memorize vit K DEPENDENT FACTORS by 1972 ie factor 2,7 .9 ,and 10 consider 1 as = Factor 10
22-Young pt having Hb:6.0,TLC:3.5/ul,Plts:1lac is suffering from
= Aplastic
anemia
23-Nucleus ambigus supplies
= Larynx
(Nucleus ambigus is for IX,X,XI ie cranial nerves 9, 10, 11 also remember that
the parasympathic nucleus for vagus nerve is DORSAL NECLEUS, ASKED
REPEATEDLY IN PAST PAPERS)
24-Olfactory area is present in
= temporal gyrus
this the only sensation that doesn’t pass through thalamus
25-Patient with injury to left 8th cervical segment of spinal cord will not show following sign
= Dec sense of pain and temperature below the lesion on same side
(pain and temp loss are contralateral ie opposite to the lesion , while position and
vibrations senses are ipsilateral)
26-Feature of Rickets and Osteomalacia is
= Decreased bone density
27-Most common site of malignancy in pts suffering from nuclear outbreak
= Hematopoietic (don’t confuse it with head and neck radiations that causes Pupillary Thyroid CA)
28-Virus acts on cells by
= Involving protein synthesis
29-Most sensitive cells to hypoxia are
= Neurons
30-Myelin in CNS is formed by
= Oligodendrocytes
31-Feature not associated with irreversible cell injury is
= Myelin figures
For cpsp always remember Myelin figure = Reversible injury
32-Ureter is not constricted at
= Psoas muscle
33-Common relation of ureter is
= post.to gonadal vessels and Ant.to iliac Artery
34-Patient feels pain after she underwent surgery for fibroids, structure injured
would be
= Ureters
35-Least common site for ectopic pregnancy would be at
= Ovaries
36-Gall bladder is supplied by
= Only Cystic Artery
37-Venous drainage of urinary bladder is into
= Internal Iliac Vein
those who appear in Gyne exam, should cram the whole anatomy of urinary bladder
- Patient with fluid loss now show metabolic acidosis e hypokalemia. most fluid
loss will be through
= Colon ( colon is reservoir of HCO3 & POTASSIUM, and
in diarrhea both are lost resulting in acidosis and hypokalemia
39-Patient having hyperplastic bone marrow, anaemia, Increase Platelets is
probably suffering from
= Leaukemia
40-Stimulus for Erythropoietin secretion is
= Hypoxia
41-Erytropoiten is always raised in
= Sec.polycythemia
Polycythemia vera is only type of polycythemia in which there is Dec. EPO
43-Patient after gastrectomy is on VitB12,the cells lost in the gastrectomy
= parietal
44-Fat tags attached to the walls of large intestine are known as
= Appendeces
epiplocea
45-Bile salts are reabsorbed from the
= Ileum
46-Following is an autosomal dominant disease is
= Hereditary spherocytosis
47-Type of defect in Hereditary spherocytosis
= Structural defect
48-Patient with jaundice, anaemia,high reticulocyte count is having
= Hemolytic
anaemia
49-Ejaculatory duct opens into
= Prostatic urethra
50-Terminal part of CBD in relation to pancreas is
= Embedded into pancreas
51-Following would cause massive infarction and destruction leading to patient
death
= Thromboembolism
52- A 22yrs female pt.with 13th week of pregnancy after having crush fractures in RSA dies after 3 days, most likely cause of death is
= Fat embolism
(Note that if fracture and 3 days duration are not mentioned then better option
will be amniotic fluid embolism ie it causes immediate deaths)
53-Patient with old history of adenoCA of colon is operated for polypectomy,on
histologic evaluation pathologist labelled it as benign growth with no chances
into malignant transformation,it would be
= Tubular adenoma
54-Tyrosine derivative doesn’t include
= Prolactin
55-Precursor of steriod hormone is
= Cholesterol
58-Wasting of thenar eminence,loss of sensation over thumb and index finger,nerve involved is
= Median
Regarding wasting of the thenar eminence always click median nerve
59-The base of urinary bladder is made by
= Post surface
60-Shock without having vasodilation is likely associated with
= Burns
61-Following doesn’t form the layer of inguinal canal
= rectus abdominus
62-Femoral sheath is formed by
= Fasica transersalis and Fasica iliaca
63- The muscle involved in unlocking of knee joint is
= Poplitus,
64-External spermatic fascia is formed by:
= External oblique
65-In Turner syndrome, the genotype would be
= XO
66-Organ having least chances of infarction
= Liver
67-Type of necrosis in brain infarction
= Liquefactive
68-Pt.with cervical lymphadenopaty,+ve AFB sputum,sign to look for TB on
microscopy is
= caseous necrosis
69-Thyroid gland moves with swallowing because it is enclosed in
= Pretracheal
fasica
70-Neurovascular bundle in chest wall lies between
= Internal and Innermost
layers
71-Fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura is supplied by
= Phrenic Nerve
( Remember the Mnemonic i-e
●Fibrous pericardium = Phrenic (frenic) nerve
● Visceral pericardium = Vagus nerve)
72-Man is suffering from testicular ca,the lympahtic drainage of testis is into
=
Para aortic Lymph nodes
73-In exercise,the venous blood returns to the heart by
= Muscle pump in calves
74-Circulation in heart is maintained by
= Local metabolites
75-Fisherman is presented with gingival bleeding and ecchymosis,he is suffering
from
= Vit C deficiency
76-Factor affecting collagen synthesis during healing is
= Vit C
77-Mesothelioma is associated with
= Asbestos
78-Child having meckels diverticulum is having bleeding per rectum,it is due to
= Ectopic gastric tissue
79-During lactation,Amenorrhea is due to
= Inhibition of LH and FSH
80-Presence of pancratic tissue in gastric mucosa is termed as
= Choristoma
The other site for choristoma is Brain tissue in Nasal cavity
81-Main difference between primary and secondary intention wound healing is
= Wound contraction
82-Child with sore throat after 3 weeks developed oedema,haemturia,cause would be
= post streptococcal GN
83-Microscopic feature of polyarterites nodusa is
= Fibrinoid necrosis
(for any vasculitis remember fibrnoid nerosis, for brains liqufactive and for solid
organs remember coagulative necrosis , TB also has a type of coagluative
necrosis)
84-Angiotension II exerts its effects by activating
= Aldosterone
85-Tumor compressing optic chiasma would cause
= Bitemporal haemianopia
86-Growth hormone is maximally rasies in
= Exercise
( ●For max growth hormone sec NREM sleep > Exercise > REM
● if only sleep is mentioned then prefer Exercise and if NREM sleep is
mentioned then click it)
87.Lymph drainage of perianal skin is from one of the following
= medial group
of horizontal superficail nodes
88.Lesser omentum
= .connects with deudenum
89.Which of the following is not a feature of shock
= increased urine output
90.Which is most imp indicator of muscle protein loss
= urinary nitrogen
- what is true about DNA
= .Double stranded in which two strands are
antiparallel to each other
- Least chances of renal stones is associated with
= Hyperlipidemia
93.A pt came to you with primary amenorrhea, webbed neck, short stature
diagnosed as Turner syndrome, what is her karyotype
= A.45XO
94.supply of sphincter urethra comes from
= .Pudendal nerves
95.Thymus develops from
= endoderm of 3rd brachial pouch
96.A pt presented with an opening in the ant wall of sternocledomastoid muscle
with pussy discharge coming out of it.this problem occurred due to abnormality in one of the following
= 2nd pharyngeal cleft
97.Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to
= absence of pleuro-peritoneal
membrane
- Adult derivative of notochord is:
= Nucleus pulposis
99.Superior parathyroid gland develops from
= 4th brachial pouch
100.In cervical carcinoma,what is the lymph drainage
= both internal & external
iliac
- Cervical rib attached to transverse process will compress
= T1
though it can Compresses both C8 and T1
- Aortic aneurysm which structure not compressed
= Phrenic nerve
- Resting membrane potential achieved by
=Diffusion of potassium outside the cell (Achieved by K efflux, maintained by N-K ATPase Pump while
depolarization is maintained by Na influx)
- Liver weight
= 1.5 kg (1.44-1.66 kg is Range)
- What is median if values are 20 20 25 30 35 40 25 30
= 27.5
(Arrange in Ascending order 20 20 25 25 30 30 35 40 than take middle two values
25+30/2=27.5)
106.. Dead organisms in vaccine
= Pertussis
(Pertusis, Cholera, Influenza ,Inj Polio & Rabies all Killed vaccines while
Tetanus is Toxoid and MMR is Live attenuated)
107.Esophagectomy done , stomach is mobilized to upper portion of thorax, To
anastomosis with pharynx Which artery is responsible for stomach supply
=
Right gastroepiploic
- Patient is pregnant and suddenly faints. She’ll be positioned in left lateral
and not right lateral to avoid compression to which abdominal structure
= IVC
- Post op wound having greenish pus discharge organism involved
=
Pseudomonas
- Prevalence is
= All cases
Prevalence: All current cases (old & new) while incidence is just new cases
- Common carcinogen of CA Cervix
= HPV
112.Apex of the heart
= 8 cm from median plane
113.After normal delivery in primigravida the alive n healthy new born is given
feed
= After half hour ( Nelsons states 1 hour, but prefer half hour if in options )
- Diagnostic tumor marker for ovarian CA
= CA 125
- Which of the following prolong use of drug will cause persistent increase in
Gastrin secretion
= PPI
- A pt presented to his dentist due to inability to put his dentures, dentist
referred back to physician saying there is no dental problem, where is the lesion
= Substantia nigra
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
= Chromosome 9 & 22
- Steroids drug action on cells
= Act on Genes
all steroids & thyroxin act on genes
- ADH is inhibited by
= Alcohol
- Following has high clearance value
= PAH
- Scanty bar bodies
= Turner
(REMEBER IF ASKED
● Bar body diagnostic of then = klienfilter
● scanty bar body or no bar body then = turner
● bar body TEST is diagnostic for = turner)
- Which parasite is not transmitted thru orofecal route
= Trichenella Spiralis
Humans get it when they eat infected meat/pork
- Organelle having microtubules in its structure
= Centriole
- S1 nerve root lesion
= Loss of Ankle jerk
- Mucus not secreted by
= Terminal bronchioles
- Which of the following increases lower esophageal tone n speeds up gastric
emptying time
= Metoclopramide
- Diphtheria vaccine reaction
= type 3
remember any serum will cause serum sickness ie type 3 hypersensitivity
- Femoral nerve derived from which section of spinal cord
= L2 L3 L4
- Deep coma is caused by lesion of which nucleus
= Nucleus cerelous (REMEMBER IF ASKED ● Deep coma then nucleus cerelous ● Prolonged coma then Periq aquiductal gray matter ( p for prolonged & p for periquiductal & ●permanent coma = thalamus )
- A man of 70 has recurrent UTI cause
= Outflow Obstruction
(old age →chances of BPH → lead to outflow obstruction→ leading to recurrent
UTI)
- Normal FEV/FVC1 Ratio
= 0.8
- Compression effects on esophagus by which organ enlargement
= Left
Atrium
- Plasma Protein Binds With All Except
= Oxygen
- Patient presented in emergency, deeply comatosed,not responding to
nalaxone:
= Phenobarbital
- Cause of Mental retardation
= Fragile X Syndrome
( if down syndrome is mentioned then click it, because Fragile X syndrome is the
2nd most common cause)
- In IV drugs abusers
= Bacterial Endocarditis ( STAPH ARUEUS)
- Highest bioavailability of anti-emetics
= Metacloprmide
- X.ray of elbow of 12 yr girl, which Secondary ossification center will appear
last on x-ray
= Lateral Epicondyle
(capitellum > radial head > medial epicondyle > trochlea > olecranon > lateral
epicondyle → 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 , 11 (ODD Numbers so 11 is lateral epicondyle)
- Baby born on 4th day most common cause of Meningitis
= E.Coli
(REMEBER : in newborns, GROUP B STREP GROUP ie strep agalactea IS ON
THE TOP)
- A tall man with normal external genitalia married but had no kids he had
normal ejaculation period but semen analysis showed azoospermia cause may be
= Sertoli cell
- Pregnant lady anemic, Best lab investigation
= CBC
(IF ASKED IRON DEF ANEMIA THEN SERUM FERRITIN, TIBC may give
false value, cz its affected by pregnancy)
- Highest percentage of protein in
= HDL (NOTE THE POINT; IF ASKED HIGHEST THEN ●PROTEIN = HDL ●TGs = CHYLOMICRON > VLDL ●CHOLESTEROL = LDL)
- Soft Keratin with no nucleus found in
= Stratum corneum
- A newly married female came with pain in rt illiac fossa her TlC 12000 she
has fever n vomiting her lmp was 3 weeks back what is diagnosis
= Acute
Appendicitis
147.Open wound healing includes
= Contraction of myofibroblast
- Patient aged 65 years, is diagnosed to have severe aplastic anemia. HLA
compatible sibling is available. The best option of treatment is:
= Anti
thymocyte globulin followed by cyclosporine
●ATG & CYCLOSPORIN
donor= 1st line for non-severe aplastic anemia, or severe
aplastic > 40 years of age or sever aplastic who have no HLA identical sibling
●HSCT (transplant) = 1st line for the patients who have sever aplastic and have
HLA MATCHED sibling donor
- Most common S/E of use of histamine 1 blocker
= Sedation
- Decrease Insulin will
= Ketogenesis in Liver
- An obese man with h/o atherosclerosis underwent laparotomy due bleeding
in abdomen and during surgery his small gut was purple n sup mesenteric vein
was ok so what is dx
= Wet gangrene
- First heard sound is produced during
= Isovlumic contraction
- A patient came with c/o bitmep hemianopia so a blockage was seen at
= Upper part of optic chiasma ( best ans is optic chiasma, but if both upper and
lower part are in options, prefer the upper part of optic chiasma )
- 30 yr male newly diagnosed with HTN, on ECG lt ventricular hypertrophy,
serum cholesterol 200, FBS 88 mg%, urinary sugar ++ RFTs were normal, K 2.5
, Na 140, what is cause of his HTN
= Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Man With Weakness And Dysphagia, Blood Profile With Target Cells
= Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Which of the following in maternal serum for rubella should b an indication
for termination of pregnancy
= Ig M
- Epithelium of Conjunctiva
= Stratified Columnar Epithelium ( nonkeratinized
)
- Antioxidant Vitamin
= vit E
(REMEMBER IF ASKED
●Potent one then = Glutathion > vit E
●among vitamins then = vit E > vit C)
- Which of the following does not increase in stress for surgery
= Insulin
- Monitoring of HEP B virus can be done via
= SGPT (or ALT)
- Diseased ovary pain radiating to medial thigh of body due to nearby presence of
= Obturator Nerve
- Biguanides side affects
= Diarrhea and flatulence
- Patient with Gastrectomy presents with Anemia after One and half year,
what will you give
= Vit B12
- Data is collected for some clinical trial based on presence or absence of Vomiting. What type of data it is
= Nominal
(whenever asked about nominal remember = it’s the data type where u have to
ans between the two variables like YES OR NO, RIGHT OR WRONG ,
PRESENCE OR ABSCENCE etc while ordinal gives u order like PRIMARY > SECONDARY > TIRTIARY)
- Aphasia (Non-fluent) after stroke or Trauma which area of Brain is
involved
= Brocas (fluent aphasia is due to wernickes area involvement)
- What cytoskeletal structure connects Extracellular matrix to Intracellular
= intermediate filaments (Also remember that C for Cadherin and C for cell; so it
mediates cell to cell attachments and is important in case of metastasis)
- Cardiac defects in fetus of mother suffering from rubella infection will
occur if
= 5 th to 10th week
- Dorsal Column Medial Leminsical carries
= Proprioception
- Contralateral loss of pain and temp at T9 and ipsilateral loss of
proprioception below T8, bilateral normal reflexes
= Lesion of spinothalamic
tract at T8
( In these scenarios always decide the level of lesion by the level at which there is
loss of peropioception like in this case T8 is given so lesion should be at T8 )
- Downs Syndrome
= Increase incidence with increasing mother age
- Pulmonary vasoconstriction occurs due to
= Reduced systemic PO2
( this concept is repeatedly asked in many ways but the basic concept remains the same ie HYPOXIA CAUSES VASOCONSTRICTION IN PULMONARY VESSELS)
- Most imp buffer in blood
= HCO3
- Gastrin secretion is inhibited by
= Somatostatin
- Which vitamin act as cofactor in oxidation of fatty acids
= Biotin
- Oxytocin and vasopressin originated from
= Hypothalamus
- If FACTOR IX not available
= FFP
(cryoprecipitate is for factor 8, so to memorize pronounce it as
CRYOPRECIPITATE-8)
- All of the following will cause lesion at genital tract except
= Gonorrhoea
- Vagus decreases HR by which mechanism
SA NODE )
= Na (permeability)
(The mechanism is , parasymp system decreases Na CHANNELS INWARD
CURRENT THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PHASE 4 DEPOLARIZATION IN
- Maximum absorption of water
= Jejunum
- Patient with beta blocker ECG show increase PR
= Drug induced block
- Drug causing peripheral neuro and pancreatitis
= Diadenosine
- Left Kidney is not related to
= Diaphragm
- What age the head of fetus become exactly half the length at CRL
= 3rd
month
- Prostatic carcinoma spread to skull bones through
= Vertebral plexus
- First heart sound
= Isovolumic contraction
- Pregnant women 1st trimester develops Atrial fibrillation what would u give
= IV Heparin
- The tumor which is the ovarian counter part of seminoma of the testis is
= Dysgerminoma
- Patient came in with sore throat, fever and lymphadenopathy. His monspot
test was positive. His blood shows atypical leukocytosis. What is the type of cell
that is affected
= B-cell
(REGARDING INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS IF ASKED
●Type of cell affected then = B CELLS
●Atypical cells that proliferate in response then = T CELLS)
- Pt was brought into the Emergency Department and his family wanted to
accompany him. What is the most appropriate response
= Only pt should be
allowed in the ER
- A pregnant full term patient came into the ER with pre-eclampsia. Her
Blood pressure was 190/110. She was admitted for emergency ceserean section.
What is the best medicine to bring down the blood pressure
= Hydralazine
- Patient was admitted in the ICU. HE had a central venous catheter for 10
days. HE started having fevers. Blood cultures were sent. It came back positive
for Gram positive cocci in clusters. What medication will you start
= Vancomycin
(Always mark Vancomycin if CVP line,Indwelling catheter or double lumen site
Infection especially in hospitalized patient and that too in ICU or dialysis units.
High prevalence of MRSA.)
- Pt comes in to the emergency department with seizures. His BP is 90/60. His
serum calcium level is 6, serum cortical level is 6 microg/dl , blood sugar level is
80 mg/dl. What is the diagnosis
= Tetany
- About Lignocaine what is true
= Prevents influx of Na ions across
membrane
- INR is for
= Oral anticoagulation therapy:
For warfarin monitering INR»_space;> PT
- A Person wid malignant melanoma. Risk factor
= Xeroderma pigmentosum
- Diabetic patient with DKA died due to
= Mucormycosis
- Urethra is narrowest at
= External meatus
- Married man had no children for few years and was diagnosd as sterile with
azoospermia wat is investigatn of choice
= Serum FSH and LH
- A man goes to a high altitude 02 delivery to tissues is maintained by
= Hb
conc is increased
- Regarding indication of furosemide
= Acute pulmonary edema
- A patient was brought to the hospital after a roadside accident. On
examination he was pale with low blood pressure and fracture of left 10th rib.
Which organ is most likely to be injured
= Spleen
- Most common cause of premalignant change in mouth in adult
= Lichen
planus
( some colleagues saying chronic ulcer, none of the authentic books support that ,
and one more question often asked, that’s , what will beetle nut chewing cause
and ans is submucosal fibrosis,)
- Tumor in children with blue cells and high levels of catecholamines
= Neuroblastoma
- Ligament that prevents anterior dislocation of femur on tibia
= Posterior
cruciate
(NOTE; if anterior dislocation of tibia on femure is mentioned then anterior cruciate ligament)
- Cholangiocarcinoma caused by
= Cholonorchis Sinensis
- Trauma to left 10 rib causes damage to
= Spleen
- Farmer wid migratory lesion on foot
= Cutaneous Larva migrans
- Washed RBCs are used for prevention of
= Hypersensitive Reaction
- Eating raw or undercooked meat can cause infection by
= Tapeworm
- Man comes 1st time to Pakistan develops fever than coma, on investigation
retics10%..Platelets wbcs ↓
= Falciparum
- Correct about Aorta
=. Gives renal arteries at L2
- Scrotum drains to
= Superficial Inguinal Nodes
215.Small muscles of hand are supplied by
= T1
- Pancreatitis(acute) will cause fluid accumulation in
= Lesser sac
- Deep ring present in
= Fascia transversalis
- Eversion is done by
= Peroneus longus
- True about Thoracic duct, drains into
= At Confluence of left Subclavian
and left Jugular
- Gustatory sweating is caused by panic plexus in middle ear- Ref BRS Anatomy)
= Superficial Parotidectomy
(Freys Syndrome produces flushing and sweating instead of salivation in
response to taste of food after injury of AURICULOTEMPORAL which carries
Parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to PAROTID gland and Sympathetic fibers
to SWEAT gland. When the nerve is severed the fibers can regenerate along each pathway and innervate the wrong gland. It can occur after Parotid surgery and
may be treated by cutting the tym
- Analgesic causing tachycardia in therapeutic dose
= Pethidine
- Following is a good analgesic but weak anaesthetic
= NO
- About Posterior Triangle of Neck what is true:
= Contains subclavian , three trunks of brachial plexus
- Herpes simplex virus transmitted by
= .droplet
- Pt came in with abdominal pain, his amylase was high, he was diagnosed
with Pancreatitis. What is his omentum going to show
= Fatty necrosis
- Which carcinoma doesn’t show distant metastasis
= Basal cell Carcinoma
- Orofecal transmission
= HEV
- When tension in muscle increases near to rupture which does the relaxation
= Golgi tendon organs
- Golgi tendon organs respond to
= Tension
( FOR BOTH 129 AND 130 QUES REMMEBER = TENSION AND TENDON
i.e when tension on a muscle increases golgi tendon organs starts firing and
relaxes it )
- Pacemaker of Heart
= SA Node
- Parasympathetic stimulation
= Decreases HR
- Sacral hiatus is formed due to
= Failure of fusion of laminae of 4th and 5th
sacral vertebrae
(Sacral Hiatus is used to administer Caudal (Epidural) anesthesia)
- Effect of drug on a body
= Pharmacodynamics
( MNEMONIC = D FOR DRUG & D FOR DYNAMICS i.e. drug on the body is
dynamic )
- Which is not blood supply of scalp
= Maxillary artery
- Hydroxyindol-acetic acid in urine
= Carcinoid syndrome
- Pt came with testicular mass. It was diagnosed as a yolk sac tumor. What is
the follow up marker for this patient
= Alpha-Fetoprotein
- In the hospitals most common cause of wound infection
= Staph aureus
E.coli 2nd most common
- Nerve loss in urogenital triangle which nerve involved
= Pudendal Nerve
- Neck of femur supplied by
= Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
- A man having recurrent bacterial infections with streptococci also having
diarrhea which on examination showed giardiasis, further exam revealed normal
T cells but ↓B cells levels of igM,igG and igA were given
= Bruton’s
agammaglobulinemia
- True about Pituitary
= Drains to Dural sinuses
- About Quadrate lobe, true is
= Drains by left hepatic duct
- Barr body is found in the following phase of the cell cycle
= Interphase
( both DNA and chromosomes replicate (Karyotyping is done in metaphase
stage to study for chromosomes )
- Old woman with swelling on external ear she also had gout wd -ve
bifringent type crystals scenario was given
= Monosodium urate
- After Cholecystectomy surgeon places drains into
= . Right Subhepatic
Region
- Pt having H/o cough cloudy yellow colour effusion fluid containing 98 % neutrophil and 2% lymphocyte the fluid was dull to percussion
= Purulent
exudate
- Isoniazid causes side effects which can be prevented by taking which
vitamin
= Pyridoxine
- Gas gangrene. Cause of death
= Toxemia
- Not a feature of malnutrition in adults
= Thrombocytopenia
- A tumor with all germ layers
= Teratoma
254.Down’s syndrome
= Trisomy 21
- Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with
= HLA B27
( PAIR i.e. PSORIASIS , ANKYLOSING SPONDELYTIS , INFLAMATORY
BOWL DISEASE RELATED ARTHIRTIS AND RIETER SYNDROME)
- Female with fever for 10 days and chest pain that aggravates on lying down.
Pain is originated at
= Pericardium
- 6 years old patient presents with rhinitis, edema and urticaria on external
surfaces
= Type I hypersensitivity
- Immediate effects of severe hypotension
= Oliguria
- Transfusion reaction will occur if we transfuse a person with A+ve blood
group, the following group
= AB-ve
- Epidural space is widest at
=. L2 (5mm)
- Commonest cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in developing countries
= Both Hepatitis B & C
(IF B plus C COLLECTIVELY not MENTIONED THEN CLICK ONLY Hep
B)
- Connections that connect cells; with movement of ions across
= Gap
junctions
- HLA B27 associated disease
= Reiter’s Syndrome
if ankylosing spond present in options prefer that
- Pregnant lady with bile duct obstruction. Diagnostic investigation
= GGT
FOR NON PREG = CLICK ALP
- About Trichomonas vaginalis what is correct
= Is sexually transmitted
- Anion gap
= Diff between measured cation and measured anion
- Occulomotor nerve supplies
= ciliary ganglion
- Infective endocarditis diagnostic investigation
= Blood culture (blood
culture for diagnosis & ASO titre FOR THE EVIDENCE OF INFECTION )
- Essential fatty acid
= Linoleic acid (Also Linolenic Acid is among essentials)
- Patient was brought to the ER unconscious. The doctor gave Naloxone but it
was not working. What is the likely cause of toxicity
= Phenobarbital
- Patient lacerated the dorsal part of his wrist accidentally. He came in with
difficulty to adduct the fingers and difficulty abducting the thumb. Which nerve
was paralyzed
= Ulnar Nerve
- Pain from lower inferior segment of Diaphragm =
Subcostal Nerves ( Phrenic supplies central tendon of diaphragm)
- Cingulate gyrus blood supply
= Anterior cerebral Artery
- Dorsal Vein of penis drains into
= Greater Saphenous Vein
- Internal carotid bleeding stopped by compressing
= C6
- A patient has nodule on vocal cord. The most unlikely mechanism
= Atrophy ( Hyperplasia = click it if asked the most likely )
- Edema of acute infection. Feature
= Proteins >3gm (EXUDATE)
- Vein not draining to great cerebral vein
= Occipital
- Extent to which a tissue gets disturbed by occlusion of its blood supply depends on
= Rate of development of thrombosis
- A 15 years old girl with fixed dilated pupils. Lesion is at
= Oculomotor nerve
- Axon arise from conical shape part of neuron cell body called
= Axon
hillocks
- Peptic ulcer profusely bleeding from posterior wall of duodenum which
artery involved
= Gastroduodenal Artery
- Proteins that escape into tissues from blood vessels
= Reabsorbed by lymphatic system
- Epithelium of kidney
= endoderm + mesoderm
- 8 month Baby boy with repeated rhinitis 2episodes of pneumonia in less
then 2 month, low plasma B cells n decreased immunoglobulins
= IgA deficiency
- Which is not a ‘basic tissue of body
= Blood
- A 30 years old man had a road traffic accident and sustained fracture of
femur. Two days later he developed sudden breathlessness. The most probable
cause can be
= Fat Embolism
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
= Wasting of thenar muscles
- Which of the following statements about carcinogenesis is false
= Papilloma
viruses produce tumors in animals but not in humans
- Max potassium absorption occurs in
= PCT
- Lung capacity increased in inspiration by 2/3 by
= Diaphragm
Pituitary Gland Causing Bitemporal Hemianopia.Where is the lesion?
= Optic Chiasma
An epidemiological study is performed to determine potential risk factors for Penile Squamous Intraepithelial neoplasia. It is observed that persons who develop this disease are elderly men. Which of the following diseases is most likely to be found to precede development of Penile Neoplasia in these men?
Phimosis
- Circumcision is the well established & effective prophylactic measure against Penile CA.
Drugs induced SLE features are seen in which drugs?
Phenytoin Procainamide Hydralazine Quindine Isoniazid
The life Threatening clinical condition caused by C.Perfringens is?
Diffuse Clostridial Myonecrosis
Person came to a dentist with toothache for extraction, He is known case of RHD. He is allergic to penicillin which Antibiotic should be given for prophylaxis against Endocarditis?
Clindamycin
Origin of Diaphragm?
Avulsion of Phrenic Nerve at its origin can lead to?
Septum Transversum
Loss of Respiratory Reflex.
Many WBCs lining the Endothelium is called?
Pave-mentation
Auer Rods are only present in?
Sudan Black Positive?
AML
Cardiac Plexus composed of?
Both Sympathetic + Parasympathetic Fibers
Pre-eclampsia triggering factor is?
Endothelial Alteration
Spleen size likely to remain normal in?
Name 2 Hematological Conditions?
G6PD Deficiency
ITP
DIC is not related to which?
Bacteremia
Scalene Tubercle is the feature of which rib?
1st rib.
A tubercle on the cranial surface of the 1st rub for the insertion of Anterior Scalene Muscle.
What the fuck is calvaria?
Calvaria is large in proportion to other Skeletal Parts.
Composed of Frontal & Parietal Bones & Squamous parts of Occipital & Temporal Bones.
In soluble excess iron stored in parenchyma of organ in form of?
Hemosiderin.
Success rate of Kidney Transplant?
90 percent
Best screening test For HIV?
Most Accurate Test for HIV?
ELISA
Western Bolt Test
Most important component in the Act of Defecation is?
Infants defecate immediately after they eat due to?
Rectoanal Reflex
Gastrocolic Reflex
Defecation occurs due to?
Mass Movement
Morgagni hernia commonly seen in which location?
Right Anterior.
Also known as Diaphragmatic Hernia.
Pudendal Nerve supplying motor part to External Sphincter is derived from which Nerve Roots?
S2 S3 S4
Upper most structure seen at the hilum of left lung is?
Pulmonary Artery
True about kidney and relations of different structures passing through it is?
Left renal vein is anterior to aorta and left renal artery
Watershed area of colon between SMA & IMA is?
Splenic Flexure
Urothelium doesn’t line which part of the Urinary System?
Collecting ducts
Most likely location where perforaters are not present?
Below Inguinal Ligament
Female come with complain of Chest pain. On P/E, she is found to have Pericarditis with Pericardial Effusion. This Particular Pain is mediated by?
Phrenic Nerve
Phrenic Nerve innervates Fibrous Pericaridum + Parietal Nerve of Serous Pericardium… They carry sensation of Pain.
Meiosis occur at which of the following transformation?
Primary Spermatocytes to Secondary Spermatocytes
Collagen type on Hyaline Cartilage?
Type 2 (Car-two-lage = Cartilage has type 2 collagen)
Name the Lymph node which does not cause Lymphatic drainage of Cervix?
Deep Inguinal LNs.
Failure of Fusion between which process result in Midline Cleft Lip?
Medial Nasal Process
Abscess in Middle of Right Posterior Triangle of the Neck. Doctor incised & drained the Abscess. 5 days later, patient could not extend he right hand above her head to brush her hair. Which nerve is injured?
Spinal Part of Accessory Nerve
Deep Inguinal Ring is result of Deficiency of?
Transversalis Fascia
Most acceptable evidence that supports a genetic predisposition of SLE?
There is high rate of Incidence in Monozygotic Twins.
Infrahyoid Muscle function? Depression of which structure?
Larynx.
Type of Joint between Coccyx & Sacrum?
Symphysis
Recall one wrong statement about Vas Deferens from Session one?
Separated from Base of the bladder by Peritoneum.
Anterior Ethmoidal Artery is the branch of?
Ophthalmic Artery
Recall one wrong statement about Chorda Tympani from Session one?
It contains Post-ganglionic Parasympathetic Fibers.
How can you test for Long Thoracic Nerve after Radial Mastectomy?
Asking the patient to Raise her arm above the head on affected side.
Name one structure which doesn’t pass through the Superior Aperture of Thorax?
Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Sensory Fibers from taste buds in Hard & Soft Palate travel along which Nerve?
Facial Nerve
On posterior exposing of Kidney, which of the following nerve is not Liable to Injury?
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh
Right or Left Movement of the head, which Joint is involved?
Atlanto-Axial Joint
1st Costo-Chondral Joint?
Synchondrosis
In Long bones, the Joint between Epiphysis & Diaphysis is known as?
Synchondrosis
Site of Abscess formation due to Posterior Perforating Ulcer in Pyloric Antrum of the Stomach is?
Omental Bursa
In a RTA, a patient suffered injury to C5 & C6. Which muscle will not undergo paralysis?
Coracobrachialis Muscle
Pain Pathway from Heart in case of Angina with pain in Left Shoulder radiating to Sternum & Pit of Stomach?
Middle & Inferior Cervical Cardiac Nerves
Stability of the Ankle Joint is not caused by?
Calcaneo-Navicular Joint
Which of the following Thyroid Disease has highest Incidence of Malignancy?
Non-functioning Thyroid Nodule
Slow Writhing Movement. Location of Lesion?
Can be a case of Athetosis?
Globus Pallidus
Terminal Bronchiole Epithelium?
Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelium without Goblet Cells.
Which muscle is attached to Hyoid Bone?
Middle Constrictor of Pharynx.
Which nerve is closely related to Last Molar tooth of Lower Jaw?
Lingual Nerve
Function of Masseter Muscle?
Elevation of Mandible - Closes the Mouth.
1st Carpometacarpal Joint?
Saddle Joint
Function of Supraspinatus Muscle?
Abduction of the Arm.
Which structure cannot be palpated by DRE in females?
Urinary Bladder
Second Thoracic Vertebrae corresponds to?
T4 Spinal Segment
Lumbar Vertebrae doesn’t give attachment to which one particular muscle?
Transversus Abdominis
Nucleus Pulposis develops from?
Notochord
Which one particular thing is not a content of Vertebral Canal?
Vertebral Arteries.
Carotid Tubercle of 6th Cervical Vertebrae is so called because it is related to?
Common Carotid Artery
How can you Identify Atlas Vertebrae?
Absence of Body & Spinous Process
Deposition of bone in fractured area is due to activity of?
Periosteal Cells
Metaphysis of long bone is a part of?
Diaphysis
Strength of bone is provided by?
Collagen fibers
Floor of the Nasal Cavity is formed by?
Maxilla + Palatine Bone
Sternal angle is the angle between?
Body of the sternum + Manubrium
Nodding movement of the head?
Atlanto-Occipital Joint
Tegmen Tympani is the thin plate of bone that separate?
Cranial cavity from Middle ear
Weight of Upper limb transmitted to Axial skeleton through?
Coraco-clavicular ligament
Head of talus articulate with?
Navicular
Lesser trochanter of femur gives insertion to?
Iliopsoas
Largest joint of human body?
Knee Joint
Vessel of Base of Bladder in which ligament?
Dorsolateral ligament
Not a tributary of cavernous sinus?
Deep middle Cerebral vein
Superior vesical artery supply blood to?
Ductus deferens
Which bone doesn’t contribute to the development of Nasal Septum?
Lacrimal
The postero-superior part of this cartilage is ossified to form the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid; its antero-inferior portion persists as the septal cartilage, while the vomer is ossified in the membrane covering its postero-inferior part.
Lateral Spinothalamic tract?
Pain & temperature
Function of Posterior column tract?
Fine touch + Proprioception
Most important factor in pathogenesis of thrombus?
Endothelial injury
Metastatic calcification Primary effect?
Kidneys
Thoracic duct doesn’t receive lymph from?
Right side of the body!
Right thorax + Arm + head + neck = drains into Right lymphatic duct
Which one artery is not the Cavernous part of Internal Carotid Artery?
Ophthalmic artery!
This is the first branch of the Internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus
Regarding contents of Deep perineal pouch, which one is not the content of this mentioned in Session 1?
Root of penis
Feature of Hypoglossal nerve injury?
Deviation of tongue towards the side of injury on protrusion.
Head Injury — 7th CN palsy — Fracture of which structure?
Transverse fracture of Pretrous Bone.
Not seen in low Radial Nerve Palsy?
Weakness if Brachioradialis muscle
Location of Facial Colliculus?
Pons
12 year old boy with Hemophilia A has had episodes of Pain about his Knee for the past 6 years. Over time, there has been an increase in size of his knee joints, with deformity. Laboratory studies show decreased levels of Coagulation factor 8 Activity. Which of the following materials is most likely to be seen within the joint space following episodes of Pain?
Cholesterol Crystals
Protrusion of Arachnoid Villi which cause CSF Absorption take place in?
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Nerve Approach for Inferior Alveolar Nerve block is lateral to Pterygomandibular Raphe Between?
Superior Constrictor & Buccinator
PCB
Branches of External Carotid Artery according to group?
Anterior group: Superior Thyroid, Lingual, Facial Arteries.
Medial group: Ascending Pharyngeal (Smallest branch)
Posterior group: Occipital & Posterior Auricular Arteries.
Terminal group: Maxillary and; Superficial Temporal Arteries
Following transplant surgery, the highest risk of Malignancy:
a) Within 1 year
b) After 20 years
a) Lymphoproliferative Cancer - B Cell Lymphoma
b) Skin Malignancy
Cauda equine is not derivative of?
Neural Crest Cells
Gastrulation Definition?
Formation of all 3 germ layers.
Elastic Cartilage is found in?
Auditory tube.
Axial Skeleton bear the weight of Upper limb by?
Coracoclavicular Ligament
Superficial External Pudental Artery is the Branch of?
Femoral Artery
Diaphragmatic Hernia can occur through all except?
IVC opening.
Important point about blood supply of kidneys from session 1?
Not A type of Portal Circulation.
Hypoglossal nerve is Motor or Sensory?
Pure Motor Nerve
Pronator Quadratus has same innervation as?
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Parietal Bone is not a?
Pneumatic Bone
Cause of Extension of Elbow on picking up stone from ground?
Active Lengthening of Flexors.
Rotation is restricted in which part of Vertebral Column?
Lumbar Region
Not a part of Mastication Muscles?
Buccinator
Most common variation in arteries arising from arch of aorta?
Left Common Carotid Artery arising from Brachiocephalic Trunk.
Location of Mental Foramen?
Below 2nd Premolar of mandible
Amniocentesis done in a pregnant lady at term pregnancy & the baby’s head at -2 station. The needle will pierce?
Posterior Fontanelle.
Normally in Vertex Presentation, there is Occipito-Anterior position. So posterior Fontanelle will be pierced by Amniocentesis.
Least Teratogenic Agent?
Lysergic Acid.
Nerve which doesn’t have posterior cutaneous supply?
C1 (Only motor)
Indirect cause of Maternal Mortality?
Heart Disease
Appendicitis pain radiate to Umbilicus through?
Sympathetic T10
Muscle cut in Mediolateral Episiotomy?
Bulbospongiosus & Sup. transverse Perineal.
