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PPC MIDTERM > TANNIN > Flashcards

TANNIN Flashcards

1
Q

The term Tannin was first applied by _____ in _____ to denote substances present in plant extracts which were
able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather.

A

SEGUIN (1796)

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2
Q

was first applied by Seguin in 1796 to
denote substances present in plant extracts which were able to combine with protein of animal hides, prevent their putrefaction and convert them into leather.

A

TANNIN

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3
Q

Is a substance which is detected qualitatively by a Tannin Test (Goldbeater’s Skin Test) and is determined
quantitatively by its absorption on standard hide powder.

A

TANNINS

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4
Q

Tannin is a substance which is detected qualitatively by a ________ and is determined quantitatively by its absorption on standard hide powder.

A

TANNIN TEST ( GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST)

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5
Q

Many tannins are ______

A

GLYCOSIDES

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6
Q

Are source of fruit acids (Glycolic, Lactic, Mandelic, Malic, Tartaric and Citric acid)

A

TANNINS

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7
Q

Tannins are a source of fruit acids.

A

GLYCOLIC
LACTIC
MANDELIC
MALIC
TARTARIC
CITRIC ACID

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8
Q

Found in immature fruits

A

TANNINS

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9
Q

Found in specific plant parts (leaves, fruits, barks or stems)

A

TANNINS

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10
Q

Found in great quantities in dead or drying cells.

A

TANNINS

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11
Q

Occur in solution in cell sap, often in distinct vacuoles.

A

TANNINS

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12
Q

❑ Plant polyphenols
❑ “Tannin Extracts”
❑ Non-crystallizable
❑ Complex substance– a mixture of polyphenols and
non-crystallizable compounds
❑ Precipitate proteins
❑ Sharp “puckering” taste

A

TANNINS

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13
Q

a mixture of polyphenols and
non-crystallizable compounds

A

COMPLEX SUBSTANCE

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14
Q

This may be hydrolyzed by acids
or enzymes such as Tannase.

A

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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15
Q

Hydrolysable Tannins may be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes such as _____.

A

TANNASE

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16
Q

They form several molecules of phenolic acids as Gallic acid and Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid which are united by
ester linkages to a central glucose molecules.

A

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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17
Q

They form several molecules of phenolic acids as _______ and ________ which are united by
ester linkages to a central glucose molecules.

A

GALLIC ACID
HEXAHYDROXY-DIPHENIC ACID

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18
Q

dry distillation, Gallic acid and similar components are converted to Pyrogallol.

A

FORMERLY KNOWN AS PYROGALLOL TANNINS

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19
Q

When treated with acids/enzymes– phenolic acids (Gallic acid, Ellagic Acid and Glucose)

A

HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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20
Q

Phenolic acids

A

GELLIC ACID
ELLAGIC ACID
GLUCOSE

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21
Q

Gallic acid

A

GALLITANNINS

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22
Q

Hexahydroxy-diphenic acid units

A

ELLAGITANNINS

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23
Q

Hydrolysable Tannins
(Ferric chloride)

A

BLUE

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24
Q

Hudrolysable Tannins
(Bromides)

A

No Precipitate

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25
Q

Condensed Tannins (Proanthocyanidins, Polyflavonoid, Catechol-type, Pyrocatecollic-type tannins)

A

NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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26
Q

Are not readily hydrolyzed to simpler molecules and they do not contain a sugar moiety.

A

NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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27
Q

Are related to the Flavonoid pigments and have polymeric Flavan-3-ol structures

A

NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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28
Q

Catechins which also occur with the tannins and Flavan in the biosynthesis of the molecules..

A

NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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29
Q

When treated with acids/enzymes– converted into red insoluble compounds known as Phlobaphenes– give the
characteristic color to many drugs (red cinchona bark)

A

NON-HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS

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30
Q

When subjected to dry distillation

A

CATECHOL CALLED AS CATECHOL TANNINS

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31
Q

Non-hydrolysable tannins
(Ferric Chloride)

A

Greenish

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32
Q

Non-hydrolysable tannins
(Bromides)

A

PRECIPITATE

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33
Q

Are compounds of lower molecular weight than true tannins and they do not respond to the Goldbeater’s skin test

A

PSEUDOTANNINS

34
Q

It occur with the tannins

35
Q

It occur in the biosynthesis of the molecules

36
Q

It give characteristic color to many drugs (red cinchona bark)

A

PHLOBAPHENES

37
Q

When subjected to dry distillation

A

CATECHOL CALLED AS CATECHOL TANNINS

38
Q

Form by either linkages between two or more molecules of Phenolic acid:

A

DIGALLIC
CHLOROGENIC ACID

39
Q

Derivatives of Falavan:

A

CATECHINS/CATECHOLS

40
Q

Rhubarb and most materials which contains gallitannins

A

GALLIC ACID

41
Q

Catechu, Acacia cutch, Kino, Cocoa, Guarana

42
Q

Unroasted coffee, Nux vomica

A

CHLOROGENIC ACID

43
Q

Ipecacuanha

A

IPECACUANHA ACID

44
Q

Examples of Catechins:

A

CATECHU
ACACIA CUTCH
KINO
COCOA
GUARANA

45
Q

Examples of Chlorogenic Acid:

A

UNROASTED COFFEE
NUX VOMICA

46
Q

Color obtained in Pseudotannins

A

CATECHOL TANNINS
PYROGALLOL TANNINS

47
Q

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin
(Heated)

48
Q

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin
(Boiled with HCL)

A

INSOLUBLE RED PHLOBAPHENES

49
Q

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin
(Treated with FeCL3 T.S.)

A

GREEN COLOR

50
Q

Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin
(Treated with Bromine T.S.)

A

FORMED PRECIPITATE

51
Q

Examples of Pyrocatechol/Phlobatannin

A

KINO
GAMBIR

52
Q

Pyrogallol Tannins
(Heated)

A

Pyrogallol

53
Q

Pyrogallol Tannins
(Boiled with HCL)

A

GALLIC ACID/ELLAGIC ACID

54
Q

Pyrogallol Tannins
(Treated with FeCL3 T.S.)

A

BLUE COLOR

55
Q

Treated with Bromine T.S.

A

NO PRECIPITATE

56
Q

Examples of Pyrogallol Tannins

A

NUT GALL, OAK BARK, POMEGRANATE BARK

57
Q

Uses or Pseudotannins:

A

ANTISEPTIC

ASTRINGENT

ANTIDOTE FOR ALKALOIDAL POISONING

PRESERVATIVE ON LEATHER

LABORATORY REAGENT FOR PROTEIN AND ALKALOID IDENTIFICATION

INK INDUSTRIES

58
Q

CAUTION: CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL

59
Q

Other therapeutic activities of Pseudotannins

(Antioxidants)

A

LEUCOANTHOCYANIDINS
PROANTHOCYANIDINS
PYCNOGENOL

60
Q

Grape seeds

A

VITIS VINIFERA

61
Q

Needles and barks of pine trees

A

PINUS PINASTER

62
Q

7 tests for Pseudontannins:

A

SOLUBILITY
REACTION WITH FERRIC SALTS
GOLDBEATER’S SKIN TEST
PHENAZONE TEST
GELATIN TEST
TEST FOR CATECHIN
TEST FOR CHLOROGENIC ACID

63
Q

Plants rich sources of tannins:
Flowers

A

LIME
HAWTHORN

64
Q

Flowers Rich Sources Of Tannins:
Fruits

A

CANBERRY
GRAPES
HAWTHORN

65
Q

Flowers Rich Sources Of Tannins:
SEEDS

A

ARECA
CACAO
GUARANA
KOLA

66
Q

Flowers Rich Sources Of Tannins:
Leaves

A

HAMAMELIS
HAWTHORN

67
Q

Are classified to Polyhedric phenol from which they derived:

A

GALLITANNINS (GALLIC ACID)
ELLIGITANNINS (HEXAHYDROXY-DIPHENIC ACID)

68
Q

Plants Rich Source of Tannins:
(BARKS)

A

ACACIA
CINNAMON
HAMAMELIS
OAK
WILLOW
WILD CHERRY

69
Q

Plants Rich Source of Tannins:
(Roots and Rhizomes)

A

KRAMERIA
MALE FERN

70
Q

Plants Rich Source of Tannins:
(Extracts and Dried Juices)

A

ACACIA CATECHU
MANGROVE
EAST INDIAN KINO
EUCALYPTUS KINO
BUTEA GUM

71
Q

8 Plant Families of Tannins

A

COMBRETACEAE -QUISQUALIS
GERANIACEAE - GERANIUMS
LEGUMINOSAE - ACACIA, TAMARIND
MYRTACEAE - EUCALYPTUS, GUAVA
POLYGONACEAE - BUCKWHEAT
ROSACEAE - RED ROSE
RUBIACEAE - GAMBIR
THEACEAE - TEA

72
Q

Quisqualis

A

COMBRETACEAE

73
Q

Geraniums

A

GERANIACEAE

74
Q

Acacia and Tamarind

A

LEGUMINOSAE

75
Q

Eucalyptus and Guava

76
Q

Buckwheat

A

POLYGONACEAE

77
Q

Red Rose

78
Q

Gambir

79
Q

Tea

80
Q

High rates of oral esophageal cancer in India and South Africa.

A

HABITUAL CHEWING OF BETEL NUTS

81
Q

Lower incidence of esophageal cancer in British than Dutch

A

ORDINARY DRINKING OF TEA

PPC MIDTERM (4 decks)

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