Take it! Chapter 22

Question 1

What is the primary risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease CVD & Stroke?

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

Normal BP Level?

Answer 2

120/80

Question 3

Elevated BP

Answer 3

120-129/80

Question 4

Hypertension Stages 1 & 2

Answer 4

Stage 1: 130-139/80-89

Stage 2: equal to or greater than 140/90

Question 5

Dietary Teaching!!!! For Hypertension

Answer 5

Low sodium diet that does not exceed 1,500 mg per day. Low sodium diet plans include DASH, Mediterranean Diet, and Vegetarian eating patterns.

Low-calorie Diet limited to 2,000 calories per day

Food Groups Include:
Grains 
Non Starchy Vegetables
Dairy Products
Fruits
Lean Meats/Fish
Monounsaturated Fats/Oils, such as canola, olive, or peanut oil
Nuts, seeds, legumes 

Avoid processed, canned, high sodium foods!

Question 6

What is Primary Hypertension?

Answer 6

Chronic Hypertension by an unknown cause

Question 7

What is Secondary Hypertension?

Answer 7

Hypertension has a known cause, such as by a kidney abnormality or tumor. It can be treated if caught before structural changes occur.

Question 8

Why is Hypertension a “silent killer”?

Answer 8

Because hypertension does not always include signs & symptoms.

Occasionally PT may report “really bad headache”! bloody nose, “severe anxiety!” shortness of breath.

Question 9

What are Nonmodifiable Risks of Hypertension?

Answer 9

Family History
Age
Race & Ethnicity

Question 10

What are the Modifiable Risks of Hypertension?

Answer 10

Life style

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 11

Hypertension Meds

See Box: 364-367

Answer 11

1. Diuretics’
2. Thiazide/ Thiazide like Diuretics’
3. Loop Diuretics’
4. Potassium Sparing Diuretics’’
5. Beta Blockers
6. Alpa-1 Blockers
7. Combination Alpha & Beta Blocker
8. Central Acting Agonists
9. Ace & ARB
10. Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
11. Calcium Channel Blockers
12. Vasodilators
13. Combo agents

Question 12

Complications of Hypertension

Answer 12

Heart Failure, Kidney Disease, Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Coronary Artery Disease, Atherosclerosis, Eye Damage, Hypertrophy (Enlarged left Ventricle).

Question 13

What is Hypertensive Urgency?

Answer 13

When BP is just as elevated as BP Emergency, but it has not begun target organ dysfunction.

Question 14

What is Hypertensive Emergency!

Answer 14

When BP has elevated higher than 180/120, which can create a target organ dysfunction including MI, HF, or dissecting aortic aneurysms.

Nitroprusside (Nipride) may be given to reduce BP during a crisis.

Question 15

What are some ways to lower BP?

Answer 15

30 minutes walking, classic Celtic, raga music, slow abdominal breathing, Transcendental meditation

Remember Life-Style
L-Limit Salt, Caffeine, alcohol
I-Include Calcium & Potassium
F-Fight Fat/cholesterol
E-Exercise 
S-Stay on BP Regimen
T-Try to quit smoking
Y-Your med taken daily
L-Lose weight
E-End stage complications void