Tactics Flashcards
—A device designed to speed the operation of a dry pipe valve.
—Stairs that serve a particular floor or area of a building.
—Vehicles that utilize any fuel source other than gasoline or diesel fuel (e.g., hybrid gas-electric, fully electric, hydrogen-powered, biodiesel-powered, liquified petroleum gas [LPG]- or compressed natural gas [CNG]-powered).
—A 1973 report to the President of the United States describing the nation’s fire problem.
—When fire spreads from floor to floor as a result of the fire coming out of a window and into the window above; may also be called autoexposure
Accelerator
Access stairs
Alternative-fuel vehicles
America Burning: The Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control
Autoextension
—An event in which a fire takes place in a confined area and burns until most of the oxygen within is consumed, at which point flammable gases are still being produced and the introduction of oxygen ignites the gases with explosive force.
—An older type of wood-frame construction in which the wall studs extend vertically from the basement of a structure to the roof without any firestops.
—A commonly used abbreviation for the term boiling liquid–expanding vapor explosion; describes the rupture of a container when a confined liquid boils and creates vapor pressure exceeding the container’s ability to hold it.
—As water is applied to the burning the fuel, it sinks to the bottom of the container because of the water’s higher density having little effect on extinguishing the flames on the surface, but rapidly vaporizing into steam, causing it to expand in volume. The rapidly expanding steam causes the oil or fuel above to spill out of the container, resulting in the discharging of burning oil onto a large and uncontrolled area outside of the container.
—The onboard water tank for an engine.
Backdraft
Balloon frame
BLEVE
Boilover
Booster tank
—The most dangerous truss, commonly used in bowling alleys, skating rinks, and other large buildings requiring a long, uninterrupted span. It is easy to identify by its curved top chord.
—An IMS designation used to establish and maintain a manageable span of control over a number of divisions and groups.
—Pieces of burning or smoldering vegetation that are picked up by air currents and distributed downwind.
—A fire that occurs primarily in mid-level vegetation.
—A wildland engine.
—The opening from the top of a stairway onto the roof.
Bowstring
Branch
Brands
Brush fire
Brush truck
Bulkhead/scuttle
—A horizontal extension that is supported on only one side.
—A hookup to a fire hydrant designed to supply the full volume of the pump.
—A type of floor layout in which components common to every floor, such as elevators and bathrooms, are centered around the core of the building.
—The top or bottom member of the truss.
—A type of truss construction in which the chord is the main member, either on the top or bottom, and the web is the vertical member.
—A decision-making model used when the incident commander is confronted with a situation that he or she has not experienced in the past.
—The document that contains all of the federally promulgated regulations for all federal agencies.
—The safety zone set up around a fire building where the potential for a collapse exists; should be the full height of the highest wall.
Cantilever
Capacity hookup
Central (or center) core construction
Chord
Chord and web
Classical decision making
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Collapse zone
—The highest level of responsibility and authority in the IMS at an incident.
—The network of hardware and software components—radios, computers, printers, pagers, etc.—that allows personnel to communicate with one another during an incident.
—A team of fire fighters with apparatus assigned to perform a specific function in a designated response area.
—A foam system in which compressed air is injected into the foam solution prior to entering any hose lines.
—A method of heat transfer through a medium, such as a piece of metal.
—A standard developed by consensus of industry or subject area experts, which is then published and may or may not be adopted locally; even if not adopted as law, it can often be used as evidence for standard of care.
—A method of heat transfer by which the air currents are the means of travel.
—An incident that has a high potential to produce critical incident stress (e.g., an incident involving children, family members, or coworkers).
—A process for managing the short- and long-term effects of critical incident stress reactions.
Command
Communication system
Company
Compressed air foam system (CAFS)
Conduction
Consensus standard
Convection
Critical incident
Critical incident stress management (CISM)
—A fire in high-level vegetation that rapidly spreads across treetops.
—A device that prevents smoke travel throughout the HVAC system; often activated by a fire alarm system.
—To burn rapidly, which in reality can be considered a low explosive; occurs more slowly than detonation.
—The process of returning personnel, equipment, and apparatus after an emergency has been terminated.
—Established under the National Strategy for Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Act of 2002, a federal agency whose mission is to protect the country from international and domestic threats.
—To explode with sudden violence.
—A method of heat transfer by which there is direct contact between the object and the open flame.
—An IMS designation responsible for operations in an assigned geographic area.
—A vehicle that operates 100% with electricity (battery power).
—A reaction that absorbs heat or requires heat to be added.
—The term for the fire apparatus used for water supply to the incident scene; may also be termed a pumper.
Crown fire
Damper
Deflagrate
Demobilization
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
Detonate
Direct flame impingement
Division
Electric vehicle (EV)
Endothermic reaction
Engine
—An initiative of the United States Fire Administration/National Fire Academy designed to provide senior officers and others in key leadership roles with enhanced executive-level knowledge, skills, and abilities.
—A device designed to speed the operation of a dry pipe valve by bleeding off pressure.
—A chemical reaction that releases heat.
—A material used with fixed, automatic, or portable fire extinguishing systems to suppress or put out fires.
—An artificial face or front to a building.
—A federal agency under the Department of Homeland Security that works with citizens and first responders to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.
—Part of the general staff of the IMS, responsible for all financial matters.
—Trained personnel within a business or industrial site for firefighting and emergency response.
—A prefire plan carried aboard ships defining all information, such as ship layout and presence of hazardous materials, pertinent to fire response.
Executive Fire Officer Program (EFOP)
Exhauster
Exothermic reaction
Extinguishing agent
Façade
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Finance/administration
Fire brigade
Fire control plan (FCP)
—A siamese connected to a sprinkler or standpipe system to allow the fire department to augment water volume or pressure.
—All the combustible parts of a building’s contents.
—A stationary pump designed to increase water flow or pressure in a sprinkler or standpipe system.
—Four-sided pyramid-like figure showing the heat, fuel, oxygen, and chemical reaction necessary for combustion.
—Three-sided figure showing the heat, fuel, and oxygen necessary for combustion.
—A piece of material, usually wood or masonry, placed in studs or joist channels to slow the spread of fire.
—The sides of a wildland fire.
—An event that occurs when all of the contents of a compartment reach their respective ignition temperatures in a very short time.
—The movement of heat and smoke from a higher air pressure area within the fire building to all other lower air pressure areas both within and outside of the fire building.
Fire department connection (FDC)
Fire load
Fire pump
Fire tetrahedron
Fire triangle
Firestop
Flanks
Flashover
Flow path
—The amount of water needed to smother a fire.
—A fire that occurs in wildland areas that contains heavy fuels and higher levels of vegetation, such as timber.
—A two- or three-story apartment building with common entryways and floor layouts, often with porches, patios, and greenery around the building.
—A fire that occurs primarily in low-level vegetation, such as grasses.
—An IMS designation responsible for performing an assigned function—for example, rescue group.
—Connecting plates used in truss construction; in steel trusses, the plates are flat steel stock; in wood trusses, the plates are either light-gauge metal or plywood.
—An extinguishing agent that works by interrupting the chemical change reaction.
—The front of a wildland fire.
—Any large truck, such as a box truck, generally utilized for commercial application, but may also be utilized for private use.
—Any building in which the highest floor is beyond the reach of available ladders.
Flow requirement
Forest fire
Garden apartment
Groundcover fire
Group
Gusset plates
Halon
Head
Heavy-duty truck
High-rise building
—The act of acquiring, and not getting rid of, a large number of possessions within a home.
—Vehicles that operate utilizing a combination of electrical (battery) power and gasoline.
—Any of numerous organic compounds such as benzene and methane that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
—A term used by a number of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations to describe a process or an event that could produce loss of life or serious injury if a responder is exposed or operates in the environment.
—A labor organization that represents the majority of organized fire fighters in the United States and Canada.
—The opening between the top and bottom chords of a parallel chord truss.
—A material with abrasion- and heat-resistive features used for firefighting personal protective equipment, particularly for inner clothing.
—The fire apparatus with aerial and ground ladders, referred to sometimes as a truck; may or may not have pumping capabilities.
Hoarding
Hybrid vehicles
Hydrocarbons
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)
International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF)
Interstitial space
Kevlar
Ladder
—Part of the general staff of the IMS, responsible for all logistical needs and supplies.
—The drain for a sprinkler system that drains the entire system.
—The main water supply valve in a sprinkler or standpipe system.
—A type of construction in which the bearing walls are cement, concrete block, or other masonry product.
—Occupancies that house three or more families.
—A training center in Emmitsburg, Maryland, used by the United States Fire Administration, the National Fire Academy, and the Emergency Management Institute.
—An agency under the United States Fire Administration that develops and delivers training and educational programs for fire fighters and fire officers.
—A nonprofit organization, established in 1896, with a goal of reducing fire and other hazards on a global scale. They accomplish their mission through codes and standards, public education, advocacy, professional development, information resources, and publications.
Logistics
Main drain
Main water control valve
Masonry
Multiple-family dwellings
National Emergency Training Center
National Fire Academy (NFA)
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
—A government agency dealing with workplace safety and health issues. In 1997 NIOSH began to investigate fire fighter line-of-duty deaths.
—A framework that studies how people actually make decisions and perform cognitively complex functions in demanding situations.
—A material with abrasion- and heat-resistive features used for firefighting personal protective equipment, particularly for outer shells.
—The pressure on a water distribution system during normal demand.
—The federal agency tasked with ensuring the occupational safety of employees.
—A residential structure in which no more than two families reside.
—Part of the general staff of the IMS, responsible for all operational functions.
—A type of main water control valve characterized by the visible screw and yoke.
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Naturalistic decision making (NDM)
Nomex
Normal operating pressure
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
One- and two-family dwelling
Operations
Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y)
—The act of extinguishing the final traces of fire after the bulk of the fire has been knocked down.
—A metal plate, sometimes referred to as a gusset plate, that has teeth that enter the wood member to hold them together.
—A truss in which the top chords and the bottom chords run parallel to each other, with the web between them.
—A subset of vehicles, generally utilized for personal use, which include cars, vans, and light-duty pickup trucks.
—A truss that is triangular in shape, found in most of today’s homes and commercial buildings.
—A type of critical incident stress management in which a trained person from the same discipline talks to emergency responders after a critical incident. The purpose is to allow emergency responders to talk about their feelings about the event in a nonthreatening environment.
—Devices such as the Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) that emit a loud alert or warning when the wearer is motionless.
Overhauling
Panel point
Parallel chord truss
Passenger vehicles
Peer defusing
Personal alert devices
—Clothing and equipment worn by fire service personnel at incidents. It may include different components for different types of emergencies; for example, wildfire PPE differs from structural firefighting PPE.
—A verbal or visual report to incident command or to the accountability officer regarding the status of operating crews; it should occur at specific time intervals or after certain tasks have been completed.
—An occupancy used for the gathering of 50 or more persons for deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, awaiting transportation, or similar uses; or used as a special amusement building, regardless of occupant load.
—A framing method that uses heavier beams that are spaced much farther apart than the traditional 16 inches. It is used in modern construction.
—Part of the general staff of the IMS, responsible for all incident planning functions.
—A type of construction in which each floor is built as a box. The framing in each level is set on a sill plate and runs the height of one floor.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Personnel accountability report (PAR)
Place of assembly
Plank and beam
Planning
Platform frame
—A ductwork component in an HVAC system that provides an avenue for air flow and returns air to the system.
—Water-soluble compounds such as alcohol; require foams that are alcohol-type concentrates (ATC).
—A framing method that uses posts (vertical members) and beams (horizontal members) to create a load-bearing frame connected by rigid points.
—A type of construction in which a few large wooden members are used in place of many small wood-frame members; also called plank and beam.
—A type of main water control valve characterized by the visible window, which indicates the position of the valve.
—The phase of overhauling performed after the fire is under control.
—A critical review of the incident after it occurs; it should focus on improving operational effectiveness and safety.
—The phase of overhauling that includes pulling ceilings and examining baseboards, shafts, and so forth to determine the fire’s path of travel and location.
—A document created by fire service personnel to detail the various aspects of a building before a fire or incident at the building. Also known as a prefire plan.
—A systematic approach to learning the major components of a building in order to obtain information that can be used at a future fire or other incident at that building.
Plenum
Polar solvents
Post and beam
Post and frame
Post indicator valve (PIV)
Postcontrol
Postincident analysis (PIA)
Precontrol
Preincident plan
Preincident planning
—A chemical change in wood resulting from the action of heat.
—A method of heat transfer through light waves, much like the sun warms the Earth.
—A group of rescuers with the sole purpose of rapid deployment to reports of operating personnel in trouble or missing.
—RECEOVS A fire incident management goal set:
—A model of how people make quick, effective decisions when faced with complex situations.
—REEVAS A fire incident management goal set:
—A requirement or law promulgated at the federal, state, or local level with a requirement to comply.
—The group of activities that ensures responders’ health and safety at an incident scene; it may include rest, medical surveillance, hydration, and nourishment.
—REVAS A fire incident management goal set:—————
Pyrolyzing
Radiation
Rapid intervention crew (RIC)
rescue, exposure, confinement, extinguishment, overhaul, ventilation, salvage
Recognition-primed decision making (RPD)
rescue, evacuation, emergency care, ventilation, attack, and salvage. Regulation
Rehabilitation
rescue, evacuation, ventilation, attack, salvage
—The vertical piping in a sprinkler or standpipe system.
—The rolling of flame under the ceiling as a fire progresses to the flashover stage.
—A rough drawing done in the field representing the main features of a building that is used as the basis for the final preincident plan.
—A home attached to another house with common walls and roofs.
—Large fuel tanks located on the sides of the cab of a semitrailer or heavy duty truck, usually under the driver and passenger doors.
—The process of converting the fatty acids in cooking oils or fats to soap or foam; the action caused by a Class K fire extinguisher.
—The area of the building that can be reached with an aerial ladder once the apparatus is set up; a consideration for ladder truck placement.
—Organizational level that has primary responsibility for one of the general or command staff functions and reports directly to the incident commander.
—A type of respiratory protection in which a self-contained air supply and related equipment are worn or attached to the user; fire service SCBA are required to be of the positive pressure type.
Riser
Rollover
Rough sketch
Row house
Saddle tanks
Saponification
Scrub area
Section
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
—Any large commercial truck that pulls a trailer, sometimes referred to as an 18-wheeler; also called a tractor trailer.
—A form of isolation that provides a level of protection while leaving people in place, usually homes or unaffected areas of large buildings.
—A device connecting two hose lines into one line with either a clapper valve or a gate valve to prevent loss of water when only one line is connected.
—A decision-making process that starts before the incident and allows the fire fighter or incident commander to gather information and develop appropriate strategies.
—Vehicle air bags that utilize technology to determine if an airbag is safe to deploy. These air bags may not deploy in a vehicle crash when a small passenger is seated or there is no passenger seated.
—The loss of surface concrete, sometimes forcefully, that occurs when the moisture in concrete begins to expand when the concrete is subjected to fire or exposed to heat.
—The ability of one individual to supervise a number of other people—usually three to seven, with five being ideal (the number depends on the complexity of the situation)—or units.
Semitrailer
Shelter-in-place
Siamese
Size-up
Smart air bag systems
Spalling
Span of control
—A unit that may carry fire fighters, fire fighters with specialized tools, or a medical rescue (EMS) unit; may be referred to as a rescue truck.
—A phenomenon found in high-rise fires wherein as heated air rises and then cools, it forms a layer, or ceiling, from which more rising smoke banks.
—An agreed-upon method/policy often developed through the consensus process; standards are not mandatory unless adopted by a governmental authority.
—The concept of what a reasonable person with similar training and equipment would do in a similar situation.
—Apparatus that has exactly the same operation and layout of other similar apparatus in a department; for example, all of the department’s pumpers would be laid out the same, operate the same, and have the same equipment. This standardization is useful for situations in which crews must use another crew’s apparatus.
—A water supply that is always in the same location, such as a lake or pool.
—A broad, general statement of what is expected to be accomplished during an incident.
—The broad, general statement or thought of what needs to be accomplished.
Squad
Stack effect
Standard
Standard of care
Standardized apparatus
Static supply
Strategic goal
Strategy
—A phenomenon found in high-rise fires wherein heated smoke rises until it establishes equilibrium with the surrounding area and then moves horizontally.
—Specified combinations, typically five, of the same kind and type of resources, with common communications and a leader.
—A row of attached mercantile occupancies with a common appearance and roofline.
—The tactic of introducing foam at the bottom of a bulk storage tank, allowing the foam to float to the top and blanket the product.
—The act of keeping the fire in the area, room, or building of origin.
—The exposed exterior surface of an object.
—The given physical movements and procedures utilized to meet the tactics (i.e., the actual tasks).
—The specific functions that are designed to meet the strategic goals.
—Any combination of single resources, typically five, assembled for a particular tactical need, with common communications and a leader.
—A term for a building, more common on the East Coast, in which a mercantile occupancy is on the first floor and living areas occupy the floors above.
—A group of outlets used to test the capacity of a building fire pump system.
Stratification
Strike team
Strip shopping center
Subsurface injection
Suppression
Surface area
Tactical method
Tactics
Task force
Taxpayer
Test header
—A process by which the walls and furnishings in a compartment heat as heat is transferred within the compartment; this heat then feeds back and further heats the compartment.
—The component of a building that connects two wings.
—A connecting member, such as a gusset plate, that holds the truss members together.
—A cut for ventilating a confined fire in which the cut is the entire distance of the roof; useful in confining a fire in a cockloft that is spreading horizontally.
—A vehicle that operates in much the same way as hybrids, but they have a third component that utilizes energy taken directly from the environment (e.g., solar power).
—A collection of lightweight structural components joined in a triangular configuration that can be used to support either floors or roofs.
—The procedure of having a minimum of two fire fighters standing by completely prepared to immediately enter a structure to rescue the interior crew should a problem develop; this protocol must be in place prior to the start of interior fire attack.
Thermal radiation feedback
Throat
Tie
Trench cut
Tribrid vehicle
Truss
Two-in, two-out rule
—Identified as having the capabilities and/or performance level of a given resource.
—The structure used to manage an incident involving multiple jurisdictions or multiple response agencies that have responsibility for control of the incident.
—An agency under FEMA and the Department of Homeland Security that directs and produces fire programs, research, and education.
—Any part of a vehicle, including the mechanical and non-mechanical parts, which can be dangerous in vehicle fires.
—The changing of air within a compartment by natural or mechanical means.
—A type of main water control valve mounted on a wall and characterized by the visible window, which indicates the position of the valve.
—A mechanical or electrical device attached to a sprinkler system to alert for water flow.
—Fire apparatus that is a mobile water supply; may be termed a tanker in some areas.
—The inside members of the truss.
—An area where undeveloped land with vegetative fuels mixes with human-made structures.
Typed
Unified command
United States Fire Administration (USFA)
Vehicle components
Ventilation
Wall post indicator valve (WPIV)
Water flow alarm
Water tender
Web
Wildland–urban interface
• A_____ that will aid in meeting the incident priorities might be to ventilate the structure.
• The____ chosen to meet the strategy might be horizontal ventilation.
• The_______ chosen to meet the tactic might be setting up a positive pressure fan at the front door of the structure
strategy
tactic
method
_____________are a critical concern because they have a direct impact on the effectiveness of the unit and the safety of the fire fighters
Staffing levels
__________will impact the ability to meet the strategies, and fire officers must consider this in deploying their tactics.
Staffing levels
Regardless of the resources available, the__________ and objectives on the fire ground do not change.
strategic goals
Also, personal alert devices, audible warning devices that sound at a high decibel level when a fire fighter stops moving for___to___ seconds, are now required.
20 to 30
The NFA was originally created in______ as a result of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of———. This act was the outcome of the landmark document______________: The Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control
1974 x2
America Burning
The goal of the________ model is to ensure a high standard of core curriculum in associate’s and baccalaureate programs in the fire service among colleges and universities.
Fire and Emergency Services Higher Education (FESHE)
