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Pharmdosage > Tablets > Flashcards

Tablets Flashcards

1
Q

May be given as solids or liquids.

A

Oral Drugs

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2
Q

 Is the most important method of administering drugs when systemic effect are desired.

A

Oral Route

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3
Q

 Most natural
 Uncomplicated
 Convenient
 Safe means of administering drugs

A

Advantages of Oral Route

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4
Q

 Slow drug response
 Chance of irregular absorption
 Depending upon such factors as
constitutional make-up
 The amount or type of food present within the GIT
 Destruction of certain drugs by the acid reaction of the stomach or by the GI enzymes

A

Disadvantages of Oral Route

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5
Q

 Accurate dosage
 Easy shipping and handling
 Less shelf space needed per dose than for liquid
 No preservation requirements
 No taste-masking requirements
 Generally more stable than liquids
 Longer expiration dates

A

Advantages of Solid Dosage Forms

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6
Q

 May be more effective that solid form
May be useful for patients who have
trouble swallowing solid dosage forms

A

Advantages of Liquid Dosage
Forms

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7
Q

are solid dose pharmaceutical preparation containing drug substances usually prepared with the aid of suitable pharmaceutical excipients.
 They may vary in size, shape, weight, hardness, thickness, disintegration and dissolution characteristics and in other aspects, depending on their intended use and method of manufacture.

A

Tablets

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8
Q

Are used in the oral administration of drugs.

A

Tablets

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9
Q

constitute approximately 90% of all dosage forms clinically used to provide systemic administration of therapeutic agents.
 This widespread use of tablets has been achieved as a result of their convenience and also the diversity of tablet types.

A

Tablets

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10
Q

 Simple to identify
 Easy to swallow
 Low manufacturing cost
 Easy package and ship
 Best suited to large-scale production
 Essentially tamper proof
 Lend themselves to special-release forms
 Precision and low-content variability of the unit dose
 Most suitable of all oral dosage forms

A

Advantages of tablets

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11
Q

 Some drugs resist compression into tablets
 Some drugs may be difficult to formulate to provide adequate bioavailability
 Some drugs may require encapsulation or entrapment prior to compression

A

Disadvantages of tablets

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12
Q

Types of tablets

A

Tablets for Oral Ingestion
Tablets used in the Oral Cavity
Tablets used to Prepare Solutions

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13
Q

 Are designed to be swallowed intact (except of chewable tablets)
 They may be coated:
• Mask the drug’s taste, color, or odor
• Control drug release
• Protect the drug from the stomach’s acid
environment
• Improve appearance
• Incorporate another drug, providing sequential
release or avoiding incompatibilities

A

Tablets for Oral Ingestion

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14
Q

Classes: Tablets for Oral Ingestion

A

AMCCCDFIRGS
• Air-Suspension coated
• Compressed
• Multiple compressed
• Chocolate-coated
• Chewable tablets
• Delayed-action and Enteric coated
• Film-coated
• Immediate-release tablets
• Repeat-action
• Gelatin-coated
• Sugar-coated

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15
Q

 Are allowed to dissolve in the mouth

A

Tablets used in the Oral Cavity

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16
Q

Classes of Tablets used in the Oral Cavity

A

BSR
• Buccal tablets
• Sublingual tablets
• Rapidly disintegrating/Dissolving tablets

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17
Q

 Are dissolved in water prior to administration.

A

Tablets used to Prepare Solutions

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18
Q

Tablets used to Prepare Solutions
Classes:

A

MEDTH

• Molded tablets
• Effervescent tablets
• Dispensing/Compounding tablets
• Tablet triturates
• Hypodermic tablets

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19
Q

 Lozenges(Troches)
 Lollipops
 Cachets
 Pellets
 Pills
 Bolus tablets

A

Other Solid dosage forms for Oral Administration

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20
Q

Classification of tablets

A

RMDD
Route of Administration
Method of Administration
Drug Delivery System
Dosage Form

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21
Q

Design and formulation of tablets:

A

Characteristics of an ideal tablets
Excipients
Method of Manufacturing

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22
Q

 They should be free of defects
 They should have the strength to
withstand the mechanical stresses of
production.
 They should be chemically and physically stable over time
 They should release the medicinal agents in a predictable and reproducible manner.

A

Characteristics of tablet

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23
Q

Method of Manufactuing:

A

Compression and Molding

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24
Q

are manufactured with
the tablet machines capable of exerting great pressure in compacting the powdered or granulated material.
 Their shape and dimensions are determined by the use of various shape punches and dies.
 Tablets are prepared primarily by _____with limited number prepared by molding.

A

Compressed tablets
Compression

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25
Q

are prepared on a large scale
by tablet machinery or on a small scale by manually forcing dampened powder material into a mold from which the formed tablet is then ejected and allowed to dry.
 Regardless of the method of manufacturing, tablets for oral ingestion usually contain excipients.

A

Molded tablets

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26
Q

 Are components added to the active ingredients that have special functions
Diluents
Disintegrants
Artificial Sweeteners
Binders and Adhesives
Lubricants, Antiadherents and Glidants
Colors and dyes
Flavoring Agents
Adsorbents

A

Excipients

27
Q

 Are fillers designed to make up the required bulk of the tablet when the drug dosage amount is inadequate.
 This may also improve cohesion, permit
use of direct compression or promote flow.
o Kaolin
o Lactose
o Mannitol
o Starch
o Sucrose
o Calcium phosphate

A

Diluents

28
Q

• Based partly on the experienced of the manufacture
• Diluentscost
• Compatibility with the other tablet
ingredients

A

Selection of Diluents

29
Q

– cannot be employed as fillers for tetracycline products since calcium interferes with tetracycline absorption from the GIT.

A

• Ex: Calcium salts

30
Q

 Are materials added in either dry or liquid form to promote the granulation process or to promote cohesive during the direct compression process.
Ex
Corn starch
Cellulose derivatives
Glucose
Gelatins
Molasses
Natural gums (Acacia)
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)

A

Binders and Adhesives

31
Q

Binders and Adhesives:
Corn starch aqueous preparation

A

10%-20% aqueous preparation

32
Q

Binders and Adhesives:
Glucose –

A

25%-50% solution

33
Q

Binders and Adhesives:
Molasses

A

– 25%-50% solution

34
Q

should be variable
in composition and usually contaminated with
bacteria

A

Natural gums (Acacia)

35
Q

– commonly
known as Povidone

A

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)

36
Q

methylcellulose,
carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose

A

Cellulose derivatives

37
Q

 Are added to tablet formulation to facilitate tablet disintegration when in contacts with water in the GIT.
 Appear to function by drawing into the tablet, swelling and causing tablet to burst.

A

Disintegrants

38
Q

o Corn and Potato starch
o Starch derivatives – sodium starch glycolate
o Cellulose derivatives – sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose
o Clays – veegum, bentonite o Cation exchange resins

A

Examples of disintegrants

39
Q

Are intended to reduce the friction during tablet ejection between the walls of the tablet and the walls of the die cavity in which the tablet was formed.

A

Lubricants

40
Q

Talc
Magnesium stearate
Calcium stearate

A

Examples of lubricants

41
Q

 Are intended to reduce sticking or adhesion of the tablet granulation or powder to the faces of the punches or to the die walls.

A

Antiadherents

42
Q

 Are use to promote the flow of the tablet granulation or powder materials by reducing friction among particles.

A

Glidants

43
Q

Serve to distinguish off color drugs, to provide product identification and to produce a more elegant product.

A

Colors

44
Q

 Are applied as solutions
o FD & C – Food, Drug and Cosmetic dyes
o D & C – Drug and Cosmetic dyes
o Lakes – are usually employed as dry powder and are dyes that have been absorbed on a hydrous oxide.

A

Dyes

45
Q

 Are usually limited to chewable tablets or tablet intended to dissolve in the mouth.

A

Flavoring Agents

46
Q

flavors have poor stability

A

Water-soluble flavors

47
Q

flavors that are usually used.

A

Flavor-oils or Dry powders

48
Q

 Are also limited to chewable tablets or tablets intended to dissolve in the mouth.

A

Artificial Sweeteners

49
Q

o Lactose
o Aspartame
o Mannitol
o Saccharin

A

Artificial Sweeteners

50
Q

sweetness may come from the
diluents

A

Mannitol

51
Q

not stable in the presence of
moisture

A

Aspartame

52
Q

has an unpleasant aftertaste

A

Saccharin

53
Q

 Are substances capable of holding quantities of fluid in an apparently dry state.
o Magnesium oxide
o Magnesium carbonate o Silicon dioxide
o Bentonite

A

Adsorbents

54
Q

 Is the partial or complete separation of the
top or bottom crowns of tablets from the main
body.

A

Capping

55
Q

 Is the separation of a tablet into two or more distinct layers. Usually a result from air entrapment during processing.

A

Lamination

56
Q

 Is the removal of a tablet’s surface material by a punch.

A

Picking

57
Q

 Is the adhesion of tablet material to a die wall. May result from excessive moisture or substances with low melting temperatures in the formulation.

A

Sticking

58
Q

 Is an unequal color distribution on a tablet, with light or dark areas standing out on an otherwise uniform surface. May result from use of a drug with a color different from that of the tablet excipient or from a drug with colored degradation products.
o Colorants may solve the problem, but may also create another problems.

A

mottling

59
Q

5 processing problems of tablets

A

Capping
 Lamination
Picking
Sticking
Mottling

60
Q

Tablets may be stored in places of _______, and protected from extremes in temperature

A

low humidity

61
Q

Products that are prone to decomposition by moisture generally are packaged with a _________

A

desiccant packet.

62
Q

Products that are adversely affected by light are packaged in _________.

A

light-resistant containers

63
Q

 With few exceptions, tablets that are properly stored will remain _______ for several years or more.

A

stable

Pharmdosage (4 decks)

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