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Pharmdosage > Powders > Flashcards

Powders Flashcards

1
Q

Is a mixture of finely divided drugs or chemicals in a dry form for internal or external use.

A

Powders

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2
Q

is a solid state fine dry bulk, composed of particle of varying shape, grain size, and flow properties.

A

Powder

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3
Q

is preferred to overcome such problems in manufacturing technologies..

A

granular course size

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4
Q

Are solid dosage form composed of dry aggregates of powder particles that may contain one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients. May be described as small, irregularly shaped, solid particles.

A

Granules

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5
Q

is the science of small particles.

A

Micromeritics

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6
Q

USP standards for powders of Animal and Vegetable drugs
Type of Powders:

A

8 - Very Course

#20 - Coarse
#40 - Moderately Course
#60 - Fine
#80- Very Fine

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7
Q

USP standards for powders of Animal and Vegetable drugs
# 8- very course
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

Sieve Size
all particles pass through:#20 sieve

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:20% through #60 sieve

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8
Q

USP standards for powders of Animal and Vegetable drugs
#20-Course
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

Sieve Size
all particles pass through: #20 sieve

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:40% through #60 sieve

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9
Q

USP standards for powders of Animal and Vegetable drugs
#40 - Moderately Course

Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

40 sieve

40% through #80 sieve

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10
Q

USP standards for powders of Animal and Vegetable drugs
#60 - Fine
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

60 sieve

40% through #100sieve

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11
Q

USP standards for powders of Animal and Vegetable drugs
#80-VeryFine
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

80sieve

No Limit

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12
Q

USP standards for powders of Chemicals
type of powders:

A

20 - Coarse

#40 - Moderately Course
#60 - Fine
#120 - Very Fine

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13
Q

USP standards for powders of Chemicals
#20-Coarse
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

20 sieve

40% through #40 sieve

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14
Q

USP standards for powders of Chemicals
#40-Moderately course
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

40 sieve

60% through #60 sieve

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15
Q

USP standards for powders of Chemicals
#60- fine
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

80 sieve

No Limit

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16
Q

USP standards for powders of Chemicals
#120- Very fine
Sieve Size
all particles pass through:

Sieve Size Percentage particles pass through:

A

120 sieve

No limit

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17
Q

Is the mechanical process of reducing the particle size of solids before incorporation into a final product.

A

Comminution of Powders

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18
Q

Comminution of Powders
TECHNIQUES: Large Scale

A

 Rotary Cutter
 Roller Mill
 Hammer Mill
 Fluid Energy Mill

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19
Q

Comminution of Powders
TECHNIQUES: Small Scale

A

 Trituration
Pulverization by Intervention
 Levigation

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20
Q

Methods:Blending of Powders

A

Spatulation
Sifting
Trituration
Tumbling
Geometric Dilution

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21
Q

 Sheet of paper or pill tile
 Not suitable for large quantities
 Commonly used for incorporation into ointments
 Forming Eutectic mixtures

A

Spatulation

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22
Q

Substances Forming Eutectic Mixtures

A

• Phenol
• Phenacetin
• Phenylsalicylate
• Aspirin
• Camphor
• Menthol
• Thymol

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23
Q

Diluents (to diminish contact)

A

• LightMagnesiumOxide/Magnesium Carbonate
• Starch
• Bentonite
• Kaolin

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24
Q

 Most commonly used method
 Grinding – mortar and pestle
 Used both to comminute and mixing of powders
Procelain/Wedgwood mortar – communition is desired
 Glass Mortar - chemicals

A

Trituration

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25
Q

 Potent substances mixed with large
amount of diluents.

A

Geometric Dilution

26
Q

 Sifter/Sifter flour
 Not acceptable for incorporation of potent drugs into a diluent base.

A

Sifting

27
Q

 Motorized process
 Large-volume powders mixers
 Large-scale manufacture of powders

A

Tumbling

28
Q

Bulk Powders Containers:

A

 Perforated/Sifter Can
 Aerosol Container
 Wide-Mouthed glass and Pasteboard Jar

29
Q

Bulk Powders Containers:
– for external dusting

A

 Perforated/Sifter Can

30
Q

Bulk Powders Containers:

-for spraying onto the skin

A

Aerosol Container

31
Q

Bulk Powders Containers:

– permits easy removal of a spoonful of powder

A

 Wide-Mouthed glass and Pasteboard Jar

32
Q

Bulk Powders
Powders Commonly Dispensed in Bulk Form:

A

 Medicated and Non-medicated Powders
 Antacids and Laxative Powders
 Douche Powders
 Dentifrices/Dental Cleaning Powders
 Insufflations

33
Q

Are generally dispensed in bulk powdered form, those intended for external use should bear a label indicating this.

A

Bulk Powders
Non-Potent Substances

34
Q

Hygroscopic/Deliquescent/Volatile Powders

A

• Packed in glass jars
• Amber/Green glass
• Stored in tightly closed containers

35
Q

 Are dispensed in the form individual
doses, generally folded papers (Chartulae), however, they may also dispensed in:
o Metal foil
o Small heat-sealed plastic bags
o Other containers

A

Divided Powders

36
Q

 After weighing, comminuting and mixing the ingredients, the powders must be accurately divided into the prescribed number of doses.
Depending upon the potency of the drug substances, the pharmacist decides whether to weigh each portion separately before packaging or to approximately portions by
the block-and-divide method.

A

Divided Powders

37
Q

Depending upon the potency of the drug substances, the pharmacist decides whether to weigh each portion separately before packaging or to approximately portions by
the__________

A

block-and-divide method

38
Q

:can be protected best in waxed paper, double wrapped with a bond paper to improve the
appearance.
:Parchment and Glassine papers are of limited use for these drugs.

A

Divided Powders
*Hygroscopic and Volatile Drugs

39
Q

:Are dispensed in folded inside a parchment or bondpaper.
:May be of any convenient size that fits the required dose.

A

Divided Powders
Powders Papers

40
Q

Divided Powders
Types of Powder Papers:

A

o Vegetable Parchment
o Glassine
o White Bond
o Waxed paper

41
Q

Special problems:

A

*Hygroscopic and Deliquescent Substances
*Eutectic Mixtures
*Volatile substances
*Oral Powders
*Liquids

42
Q

 Camphor, menthol
 May be lost by volatilization after
incorporation into powders
 This process is prevented or retarded by the use of heat-sealed plastic bags or by double wrapping with waxed or glassine paper inside white bond paper

A

Volatile Substances

43
Q

 Maybe incorporated into divided powders in small amounts
 Magnesium Carbonate, Starch or Lactose may be added to increase the absorbability of the powders by increasing surface area.
 When the liquid is a solvent for a non-volatile heat-stable compound, it may be evaporated gently in a water bath. Some fluidextracts and tinctures may be treated in this wa

A

Liquids

44
Q

may be added to increase the absorbability of the powders by increasing surface area.

A

Magnesium Carbonate, Starch or Lactose

45
Q

When the liquid is a solvent for a non-volatile heat-stable compound, it may be evaporated gently in a water bath. Some ____________may be treated in this way.

A

fluidextracts and tinctures

46
Q

 May become moist because of an affinity for moisture in the air.
May be prepared as divided powders by adding inert diluents.
 Double-wrapping is desirable for further protection.

A

Hygroscopic and Deliquescent Substances

47
Q

mixtures that melt at lower temperature than any of the ingredients.

A

Eutectic Mixtures

48
Q

Classification of powders:

A

Oral Powders
Dentifrices
Douche Powders
Dusting Powders
Insufflations
Triturations

49
Q

 Are generally supplied as finely divided
powders or as effervescent granules.
 Finely divided powders are intended to be suspended or dissolved in water or mixed
with soft food prior to administration. Effervescent powders in solution in water releases carbon dioxide which makes for the
taste of salty or bitter medication.

A

Oral Powders

50
Q

 May be prepared in the form of a bulk powder generally containing soap or detergent, mild abrasive and an anticariogenic agent.

A

Dentifrices

51
Q

 Are soluble powders intended to be dissolved in water prior to use as antiseptic or cleansing agent for a body cavity
 Commonly intended for vaginal use.
 May be formulated for nasal, otic, or ophthalmic use.

A

Douche Powders

52
Q

 Are locally applied non-toxic preparations
that are intended to have no systemic action.  Are applied to various parts of the body as:
o Lubricants
o Protectives
o Absorbents
o Antiseptic
o Antipruritics
o Astringents
o Antiperspirants

A

Dusting Powders

53
Q

Are finely divided powders introduced into the body cavities such as the ears, nose, throat, tooth sockets and vagina with the use of an insufflator (powder blower)

A

Insufflations

54
Q

Are dilutions of potent powdered drugs prepared
by intimately mixing them with a suitable diluent in 1:10 diluents

A

Triturations

55
Q

 Flexibility of compounding
 Good chemical stability
 Rapid dispersion of ingredients

A

Advantages

56
Q

 Time consuming preparation
 Inaccuracy of dose
 Unsuitability for many unpleasant tasting, hygroscopic and deliquescent drugs.

A

Disadvantages

57
Q

– semi-opaque moisture resistant paper

A

Vegetable Parchment

58
Q

– opaque paper with no
moisture-resistant properties

A

White Bond

59
Q

– glazed, transparent moisture-
resistant paper

A

Glassine

60
Q

– transparent waterproof paper

A

Waxed paper

Pharmdosage (4 decks)

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