Table 4.2: Transmitters and Receptors Flashcards
monoamines
dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine
dopamine receptors
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5
dopamine functions
- fine muscle movement
- integration of emotions and thoughts
- decision making
- stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones (sex, thyroid, adrenal)
An increase in dopamine causes…
psychosis, mania
A decrease in dopamine causes…
Parkinson’s disease, depression
norepinephrine receptors
α1, α2, β1, β2
norepinephrine functions
- mood
- attention and arousal
- stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for “fight or flight”
An increase in norepinephrine causes…
mania, anxiety, psychosis
A decrease in norepinephrine causes…
depression
serotonin receptors
5-HT, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4
serotonin functions
- mood
- sleep regulation
- hunger
- pain perception
- aggression and libido
- hormonal activity
An increase in serotonin causes…
anxiety states
A decrease in serotonin causes…
depression
histamine receptors
H1, H2
histamine functions
- alertness
- inflammatory response
- stimulates gastric secretion
A decrease in histamine causes…
sedation, weight gain
amino acids
GABA, glutamate
GABA receptors
GABA(a), GABA(b)
GABA is a (blank) neurotransmitter.
inhibitory
GABA functions
- reduces anxiety, excitation, aggression
- anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing properties
- may impair cognition and psychomotor functioning
An increase in GABA causes…
reduction of anxiety
A decrease in GABA causes…
mania, anxiety, psychosis
glutamate receptors
NMDA, AMPA
Glutamate is a (blank) neurotransmitter.
excitatory
glutamate functions
AMPA plays a role in learning and memory
Increased NMDA can cause…
- prolonged increase can kill neurons (neurotoxicity)
- neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Decrease NMDA can cause…
psychosis
Increased AMPA can cause…
improvement of cognitive performance in behavioral tasks
acetylcholine receptors
Nicotinic, muscarinic (M1, M2, M3)
acetylcholine functions
- plays a role in learning, memory
- regulates mood
- affects sexual and aggressive behavior
- stimulates parasympathetic nervous system
A decrease in acetylcholine causes…
Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, Parkinson’s disease
An increase in acetylcholine causes…
depression
peptides (neuromodulators)
substance P, somatostatin, neurotensin
substance P functions
- promotes and reinforces memory
- enhances sensitivity to pain receptors to activate
substance P clinical relevance
- involved in regulation of mood and anxiety
- role in pain management
somatostatin functions
altered levels associated with cognitive disease
A decrease in somatostatin causes…
Alzheimer’s disease, decreased levels of SRIF in spinal fluid of some depressed patients
An increase in somatostatin causes…
Huntington’s chorea
neurotensin functions
endogenous antipsychotic-like properties
neurotensin clinical relevance
decreased levels in spinal fluid in patients with schizophrenia
substance P receptor
SP
somatostatin receptor
SRIF
neurotensin receptor
NT
