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Mental Health Nursing > Table 4.2: Transmitters and Receptors > Flashcards

Table 4.2: Transmitters and Receptors Flashcards

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1
Q

monoamines

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine

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2
Q

dopamine receptors

A

D1, D2, D3, D4, D5

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3
Q

dopamine functions

A
  • fine muscle movement
  • integration of emotions and thoughts
  • decision making
  • stimulates hypothalamus to release hormones (sex, thyroid, adrenal)
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4
Q

An increase in dopamine causes…

A

psychosis, mania

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5
Q

A decrease in dopamine causes…

A

Parkinson’s disease, depression

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6
Q

norepinephrine receptors

A

α1, α2, β1, β2

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7
Q

norepinephrine functions

A
  • mood
  • attention and arousal
  • stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for “fight or flight”
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8
Q

An increase in norepinephrine causes…

A

mania, anxiety, psychosis

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9
Q

A decrease in norepinephrine causes…

A

depression

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10
Q

serotonin receptors

A

5-HT, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4

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11
Q

serotonin functions

A
  • mood
  • sleep regulation
  • hunger
  • pain perception
  • aggression and libido
  • hormonal activity
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12
Q

An increase in serotonin causes…

A

anxiety states

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13
Q

A decrease in serotonin causes…

A

depression

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14
Q

histamine receptors

A

H1, H2

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15
Q

histamine functions

A
  • alertness
  • inflammatory response
  • stimulates gastric secretion
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16
Q

A decrease in histamine causes…

A

sedation, weight gain

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17
Q

amino acids

A

GABA, glutamate

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18
Q

GABA receptors

A

GABA(a), GABA(b)

19
Q

GABA is a (blank) neurotransmitter.

A

inhibitory

20
Q

GABA functions

A
  • reduces anxiety, excitation, aggression
  • anticonvulsant and muscle-relaxing properties
  • may impair cognition and psychomotor functioning
21
Q

An increase in GABA causes…

A

reduction of anxiety

22
Q

A decrease in GABA causes…

A

mania, anxiety, psychosis

23
Q

glutamate receptors

A

NMDA, AMPA

24
Q

Glutamate is a (blank) neurotransmitter.

A

excitatory

25
Q

glutamate functions

A

AMPA plays a role in learning and memory

26
Q

Increased NMDA can cause…

A
  • prolonged increase can kill neurons (neurotoxicity)

- neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease

27
Q

Decrease NMDA can cause…

A

psychosis

28
Q

Increased AMPA can cause…

A

improvement of cognitive performance in behavioral tasks

29
Q

acetylcholine receptors

A

Nicotinic, muscarinic (M1, M2, M3)

30
Q

acetylcholine functions

A
  • plays a role in learning, memory
  • regulates mood
  • affects sexual and aggressive behavior
  • stimulates parasympathetic nervous system
31
Q

A decrease in acetylcholine causes…

A

Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, Parkinson’s disease

32
Q

An increase in acetylcholine causes…

A

depression

33
Q

peptides (neuromodulators)

A

substance P, somatostatin, neurotensin

34
Q

substance P functions

A
  • promotes and reinforces memory

- enhances sensitivity to pain receptors to activate

35
Q

substance P clinical relevance

A
  • involved in regulation of mood and anxiety

- role in pain management

36
Q

somatostatin functions

A

altered levels associated with cognitive disease

37
Q

A decrease in somatostatin causes…

A

Alzheimer’s disease, decreased levels of SRIF in spinal fluid of some depressed patients

38
Q

An increase in somatostatin causes…

A

Huntington’s chorea

39
Q

neurotensin functions

A

endogenous antipsychotic-like properties

40
Q

neurotensin clinical relevance

A

decreased levels in spinal fluid in patients with schizophrenia

41
Q

substance P receptor

A

SP

42
Q

somatostatin receptor

A

SRIF

43
Q

neurotensin receptor

A

NT

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