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Thompson- spring > Table 11-1 from G&F: KNOW THIS! > Flashcards

Table 11-1 from G&F: KNOW THIS! Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 main Gland categories in Table 11-1?

(and sub gland categories if you want)

A
  1. Pituitary
    • Anterior lobe
    • Posterior lobe
  2. Thyroid
  3. Parathyroids
  4. Adrenal
    • Cortex
    • Medulla
  5. Pancreas
  6. Gonads
    • Ovaries
    • Testes
  7. Adipose Tissue (I believe it is a typo in the chart that this is listed under gonads based on reading the text on pg 456 which says “Adipose tissue can be classified as an endocrine gland because it secretes several hormones responsible for metabolism, hunger, vasoconstriction, and cellular growth and development. The concept of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ is quite new, but it is clear that molecules secreted into the bloodstreeam by fat, such as adiponectin and leptin, act on target organs at distant sites.”) Also, since when has Adipose tissue been exclusive to gonads?
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2
Q

What are the two sub-divisions of the Pituitary gland?

A
  1. Anterior lobe
  2. Posterior lobe
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3
Q

What are the 6 hormones of the Anterior Pituitary lobe?

A
  1. Somatotropin (growth hormone [GH])
  2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  5. Prolactin (luteotropic hormone)
  6. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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4
Q

What is an alternate name for growth hormone?

A

Somatotropin

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5
Q

What is an alternate name for prolactin?

A

luteotropic hormone

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6
Q

Somatotropin target tissues (3)

A
  1. Bones
  2. Muscles
  3. Organs

**Somatotropin = Growth Hormone

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7
Q

Basic action of somatotropin

A

Retains nitrogen to promote protein anabolism (basically causes growth)

*Somatatropin = Growth hormone

**Anabolism = the constructive phase of metabolism, in which the body cells synthesize protoplasm for growth and repair; the opposite of catabolism.(http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anabolism)

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8
Q

Target of TSH

A

Thyroid gland

(TSH = Thyroid stimulating hormone)

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9
Q

Basic Action of TSH

A

Promotes secretory activity

(I think this means it promotes secretion of hormones in thyroid: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronin (T3) and also Calcitonin)

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10
Q

FSH Target tissues (2)

A
  1. Ovaries,
  2. Seminiferous tubules (located in testes)
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11
Q

FSH Basic Action (3)

A

Promotes

  1. development of overian follicle,
  2. secretion of estrogen, and
  3. maturation of sperm
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12
Q

Prolactin Target Tissues (2)

A
  1. Corpus Luteum
  2. Breast

**Prolactin = luteotropic hormone

***The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure involved in ovulation and early pregnancy. The corpus luteum develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or oestrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation. (wikipedia and radiopaedia.org)

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13
Q

Prolactin Basic Action (3)

A
  1. Maintains corpus luteum and
  2. maintains progesterone sectretion
  3. stimulates milk secretion

Prolactin = luteotropic hormone

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14
Q

ACTH Target

A

Adrenal cortex

(cortex of the adrenal gland)

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15
Q

ACTH Basic Action

A

Stimulates secretory activity [of the adrenal cortex]

**Adrenal cortex produces mineralocoricoids [aldosterone], glucocorticoids [cortisol], and sex hormone [testosterone, estrogen, progesterone]

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16
Q

What are the two hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A
  1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  2. Oxytocin
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17
Q

ADH Target tissue

A

Distal tubules of kidney

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18
Q

ADH Basic Action

A

Resorbs water (into the distal tubules of the kidney - therefore it prevents water loss from the body)

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19
Q

Oxytocin Target Tissue

A

Uterus

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20
Q

Oxytocin Basic Action

A

Stimulates contraction (of the uterus)

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21
Q

What are the 2-3 hormones of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
  2. Calcitonin
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22
Q

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) target tissues

A

Widespread

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23
Q

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Basic Action (5-8)

A
  • Regulate
    1. oxidation of body cells and
    2. growth metaboilism
  • influlence
    1. gluconeogenisis, (creation of new glucose)
    2. mobilization of fats, and
    3. exchange of
    • water,
    • electrolytes, and
    • protein
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24
Q

Calcitonin Target

A

Skeleton

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25
Q

Calcitonin Basic Action (2?)

A

Calcium and phosphorus metabolism

(encourages lowering Ca2+ levels in the blood, which preserves Ca2+ in the bone)

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26
Q

What are the hormones of the parathyroid glands?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PH)

27
Q

Parathyroid Hormone Target (3)

A
  1. Bone
  2. Kidney
  3. Intestinal tract
28
Q

Parathyroid hormone Basic Action (1-3?)

A

Essential for calcium and phoshorus metabolism and calcification of bone.

(incourages Ca2+ levels in the blood by encouraging relase of Ca2+ from the bone, which may reduce Ca2+ in the bone)

29
Q

What are the two main portions of the Adrenal gland?

A
  1. Cortex
  2. Medulla
30
Q

What are the three categories of hormones relased by the Adrenal Cortex

A
  1. Mineralocorticoids (main example aldosterone)
  2. Glucocorticoids (main example cortisol)
  3. Sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone)
31
Q

What is the main example of a mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

32
Q

What is the main example of a glucocorticoid?

A

Cortisol

33
Q

What are three sex hormones secreted by the Adrenal Cortex?

A

Testosterone

Estrogen

Progesterone

34
Q

Mineralocorticoids Target

A

Mineralocorticoids, such as Aldosterone

  • Widespread, primarily kidney
35
Q

What is another name for ADH?

A

Vasopressin

36
Q

Mineralcorticoid Basic Action

A

Aldosterone, as the main Mineralcorticoid:

  • Maintains fluid/electrolyte balance; reabsorbs sodium chloride; secretes potassium [from the body]
    • (water goes where salt [sodium chloride] goes,so it causes fluid retension(
    • It increases BP by increasing blood volume through fluid retension.
37
Q

Glucocorticoid Target

A

(Cortisol was the example)

Widespread

38
Q

Glucocorticoid Target (5)

A

Cortisol was the example

  • Concerned with food metabolism and body response to stress
    1. Preserves carbohydrates and
    2. mobilizes amino acids
    3. Promotes gluconeogenesis
    4. suppresses inflammation

*mobilizing amino acids usualy means breakdown of protein

**gluconeogenesis means creating new glucose

39
Q

Sex hormones from the Adrenal Cortex: what is the target?

A

Gonads

40
Q

Sex hormones from the Adrenal Cortex: What is the basic action?

A

ability to influence secondary sex characteristics

41
Q

What are 2 hormones from the Adrenal Medulla

A

Epinephrine

Norepinepherine

**even though it seems like nor-epinepherine would mean non-epinepherine or anti-epinephrine, this is not true. They actually usually work together.

42
Q

What is another name for epinephrine?

A

Adrenaline

43
Q

Epinephrine Target

A

Widespread

44
Q

Epinephrine Basic Action (6)

A
  1. Cardiac:
    • myocardial stimulation
    • tachycardia
    • dysrhythmias
    • vasoconstriction with increased BP
  2. increased blood glucose via glycolysis
  3. stimulates ACTH production

(in general promotes sympathetic NS)

45
Q

norepinephrine target

A

widespread

46
Q

norepinephrine basic action

A

vasoconstriction

47
Q

What are two hormones of the pancreas?

A

Insulin

Glucagon

48
Q

Insulin Target

A

widespread

49
Q

Insulin Basic action

A

increased utilization of carbohydrate; decreased blood glucose

(allows blood glucose into cells for use as energy)

decreases blood glucose level (opposite of Glucagon)

50
Q

Glucagon Target

A

widespread

51
Q

Glucagon Basic Action

A

Hyperglycemic factor; increases blood glucose via glycogenolysis

(basically breaks down carbohydrates into glucose so they can enter the blood stream)

Increases blood glucose level (opposite of Insulin)

52
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions listed under Gonads?

A
  1. Ovaries
  2. Testes

*** The chart also appears to list Adipose Tissue under gonads, but I believe it is a typo and was meant to be listed as a seperate category in the chart that this is listed under gonads. I think this based on reading the text on pg 456 which says “Adipose tissue can be classified as an endocrine gland because it secretes several hormones responsible for metabolism, hunger, vasoconstriction, and cellular growth and development. The concept of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ is quite new, but it is clear that molecules secreted into the bloodstreeam by fat, such as adiponectin and leptin, act on target organs at distant sites.” Plus, since when was Adipose tissue a type of gonad? ><

53
Q

What are 2 hormones secreted by the ovaries?

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

54
Q

Estrogen Target

A

Widespread

55
Q

Estrogen Basic Action (2)

A
  1. Secondary sex characteristics;
  2. maturation and normal sexual function
56
Q

Progesterone Target (2)

A

Uterus

Breast

57
Q

Progesterone Basic Action (2)

A

Prepares for and maintains pregnancy

58
Q

What is the hormone produced by the testes?

A

Testosterone

59
Q

Testosterone target

A

Widespread

60
Q

testosterone Basic Action (2)

A
  1. Secondary sex characteristics
  2. maturation and normal sexual function
61
Q

What are three hormones secreted by Adipose Tissue?

A
  1. Adiponectin
  2. Leptin
  3. angiotensin
62
Q

Adipose tissue hormones adiponectin, leptin, and angiotensin: what is thier target?

A

widespread

63
Q

Adipose tissue hormones adiponectin, leptin, and angiotensin: what is their basic action? (3)

A

Controls

  1. Metabolism
  2. hunger
  3. vasoconstriction

Thompson- spring (13 decks)

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