Taak 1: Introduction empirical cycle and psychological tests

Question 1

Name all five stages of the psychodiagnostic cycle in order.

Answer 1

Vanuit hoorcollege:
1. Classification stage
2. Explanation stage
3. Prediction and indication
4. Reporting
5. Evaluation
Vanuit Taak/literatuur:
1. Exploration/Observation
2. Induction
3. Deduction
4. Testing
5. Evaluation

Question 2

What is sensitivity?

Answer 2

People who are sick and get the right diagnoses -> True positive

Question 3

What is specificity?

Answer 3

People who are healthy don’t get a diagnoses -> True negatives.

Question 4

The specificity of a test is 90%, what does that mean? What does the 10% mean?

Answer 4

That 90% of healthy people will not get a diagnosis which is right -> true negatives. However 10% of the healthy people will get a diagnosis which is wrong -> False positives.

Question 5

What are two types of narcissism?

Answer 5

• Grandiose or overt narcissism
• Vulnerable or covert narcissism

Question 6

What is the difference between psycho-analytical and psycho-social in defining the cause of narcissism?

Answer 6

Psycho-analytical is more about parents not showing empathy, they are cold and agressive and not warm enough. Narcissism is developed as a protective mechanism.

Psycho-social/cognitive theory is about learing core beliefs at a young age where parents teach there child that they are very special. In that way your parents make you think that you are the best and narcissism develops.

Question 7

Name challenges in treatment of narcissistic personality disorder, at least 6 (from 11 points)

Answer 7

• Premature termination of treatment or sudden out-drop
• Sensitivity to developmental life changes and sudden life events that can disrupt the treatment alliance
• Rejection of the diagnosis, especially features of grandiosity, entitlement and lack of empathy
• Sensitivity to feeling blamed, criticised and unfairly treated, including by the therapist
• Poor affect tolerance, especially of feelings of shame, humiliation and vulnerability
• Wish to please/impress the therapist or imitation of their views without evidence or therapeutic change
• Seeking therapy after several failed previous treatments
• Suicidal ideation and behaviour
• Secondary gain from symptoms
• Agressive, antisocial or psychopathic features, which are associated with poorer prognosis
• Negaative countertransferential feelings in the treating clinician, which may lead to unhelpful or punitive responses such as ecxluding the patient from treatment.

Question 8

Name the 7 evaluation criteria of the quality on a test.

Answer 8

• Theoretical basis
• Quality of the test materials
• Comprehensivenes of the manual
• Norms
• Reliability
• Construct validity
• Criterion validity

Question 9

What concept contains number of items, time limits, item difficulty or item popularity, and test conditions?

Answer 9

Raw scores (norms)

Question 10

What concept contains a true score and an error? Explain both terms.

Answer 10

Reliablity, the reliable component is the true score. The component caused by random measurements is an error.

Question 11

What are the five basic questions in clinical psychodiagnostics?

Answer 11

1. Recognition
2. Explanation
3. Prediction
4. Indication
5. Evaluation

Question 12

Fit the question with the right concept.

1. Prediction
2. Evaluation
3. Recognition
4. Explanation
5. Indication

A. How can problems be resolved?
B. How will the clients problems subsequently develop in the future?
C. Why do certain problems exist and what perpetuates them?
D. Have the problems been adequately resolved as a result of the intervention?
E. What are the problems, what works and what doesn’t?

Answer 12

1 = B, 2 = D, 3 = E, 4 = C, 5 = A.

In right order:
3, 4, 1, 5, 2