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Microbiology Part 2 > TA2 > Flashcards

TA2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 possible treatment for candida?

A

fluconazole

or amphotericin or echinocandins

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2
Q

What are two possible treatment for aspergillus?

A

voriconazole or amphotericin

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3
Q

What are two treatments for zygomycetes?

A

surgical plus posaconazole or amphotericin

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4
Q

What are two possible treatment for cryptococcus?

A

amphotericin +/- 5FC

OR fluconazole

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5
Q

What are 3 possible treatments for histoplasma?

A

amphotericin or itraconazole or voriconazole

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6
Q

What are 3 possible treatment for blastomyces?

A

amphotericin or itraconazole or fluconazole

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7
Q

What is treatment for coccidioides?

A

amphotericin

plus fluconazole in immune compromised

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8
Q

What are 3 possible treatments for paracoccidioides?

A

itraconazole
amphotericin B
TMP-SMX

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9
Q

What is treatment for penicilium?

A

amphotericin + 5FC

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10
Q

What is side effect of fluconazole? what do you use it for?

A

hepatotoxicity

mainly cryptococcal meningitis, candida

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11
Q

What is side effect of itraconazole? What do you use it for?

A

hepatotoxicity, CHF, taste disturbances

mainly histoplasma, blastomyces, sporothrix

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12
Q

What is side effect of voriconazole? what do you use it for?

A

visual distrubances

invasive aspergillosis

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13
Q

What is side effect of posaconazole? what is it used for?

A

risk of prolonged QTc w/ quinidine, N/V, liver enzymes

zygomycetes

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14
Q

What is amphotericin mainly used for?

A
  • cryptococcal meningitis
  • zygomycetes
  • disseminated histoplasmosis
  • invasive aspergillosis
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15
Q

What 2 things can fluconazole not treat definitively?

A

aspergillus, mucor

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16
Q

What is target of echinocandins?

A

cell wall [vs other antifungals are cell membranes]

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17
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat ascaris lumbricoides?

A

eggs with rough surface in stool

treat: mebendazole or albendazole

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18
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat necatur americanus / ancyclostoma duodenale [hookworm]?

A
  • visualized eggs in stool

- mebendazole or albendazole + iron

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19
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat anyclostoma braziliense? What does it cause?

A

cutaneous larva migrans = creeping eruption, curly q rash on feet

albendazole or mebendazole

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20
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat strongyloides?

A
  • larvae in stool/sputum/biopsy
  • albendazole or thiabendazole
  • PLUS ivermectin
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21
Q

What are the parasites that are coughed up and swallowed?

A
  • strongyloides
  • hookworm
  • ascaris
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22
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat enterobius vermicularis?

A
  • scotch tape test

- mebendazole or albendazole

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23
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat trichuris trichiura?

A
  • barrel shaped egg with polar plugs in stool

- mebendazole or albendazole

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24
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat toxocara canis? What is another name for it

A

toxocara = dog helminth [sandbox]
visceral larva migrans, hepatosplenomegaly, blindness

  • benzimidazoles
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25
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat trichinella spiralis?

A
  • elevated CPK, eosinophilia, spiral shaped larvae

- mebendazole and steroids

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26
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat wurchereria bancrofti?

A
  • detect microfilariae at night

- diethylcarbamazine

27
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat onchocerca volvulus?

A
  • skin snips to find microfilariae in subcutaneous nodules

- ivermectin

28
Q

How do you treat drancuncluiasis medinsi? what is it?

A
  • slow mechanical extraction of worm over days
  • clinical sign = foot pain, itchiness, from drinking water with crustaceans containing larvae
  • find larvae in stool
29
Q

How do you treat taenia solium?

A

for CNS –> albendazole + steroids

for GI –> praziquantel

30
Q

Wht should you think: barrel shaped egg with polar plug in stool?

A

trichurius trichiura = whipworm

31
Q

What diseases associated with culex mosquito?

A
  • WNV
  • japanese encephalitis
  • wuchereria bancrofti
  • st louis encephalitis
32
Q

How do you get cysticercosis vs taepworm from taneia solium?

A 
tapeworm = undercooked pork with larvae
cysticercosis = contaminated food with eggs
33
Q

What do you use to treat taenia saginata?

A

praziquantel

34
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat diphyllobothrium latum? how do you get it?

A

dx: oval/operculated eggs in feces
treat: praziquantel
get: consumption raw fish

35
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat echinococcus granulosus? how do you get it?

A
  • dx: water lily appearance on imaging
  • treat: PAIR [percutaneous, aspiration injection, respiration] or liver surgery + albendazole for lungs
  • get: ingest eggs from dog feces

= dog tapeworm

36
Q

What should you think: brazil, vomitting blood, pale, cold, clammy, abdomen distended, superficial veins prominent, fluid wave?

A

schistosoma mansoni

37
Q

What are the four tretamodes?

A

schistosoma
fasciola hepatica
opistorchis
paragnoimus westermani

38
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat schistoma? how do you get it?

A

dx: eggs with operculum in feces/urine
treat: praziquantel
get: penetrate intact skin in water

39
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat fasciola hepatica? how do you get it?

A

dx: migratory RUQ pain, fever, gallstones, liver abcess
treat: veterinary triclabendazole
get: eat watercress infected

40
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat opistorchis sinensis? how do you get it?

A

= chinese river fluke

dx: operculated egg in gallbladder
treat: praziquantel
get: eat raw freshwater fish

41
Q

What do you use to diagnose/treat paragonimus westermani ? how do you get it?

A

dx: cystic cavities in lungs [like TB]
treat: praziquantel
get: fecal oral ingestion raw shellfish in east asia

42
Q

What is mech of action benzimidazoles [alb, medb, thia]?

A

inhibit assembly microtubules and glucose –> parasite immobilization and death, also larvacidal

43
Q

Side effects of benzimidazoles?

A
  • alopecia, ab pain, liver enzymes
44
Q

What do you with treat thiabendazole?

A

strongyloides

45
Q

What do you treat with albendazole?

A

round worms [ascaris, hookworm, strongyloides, enterobius, trichurius]
larval forms of fat worms [neurcysticercois]

46
Q

What do you treat with mebendazole?

A

round worms

47
Q

What is mech of action ivermectin? what does it treat?

A
  • neurotoxic to worm nervous system, parasite paralysis

- use: intestinal and systemic nematodes [strongyloides], onchocerciasis [river blindness]

48
Q

What is mech of action diethylcarbamizine? what does it treat?

A
  • immobilized microfilariae

- use: filiarasis [wuchereria] and onchocerciasis

49
Q

What is mech of action praziquantel? use?

A
  • depolarized neuromuscular block, paralizes tapeworms and flukes
    use: most flatworms and flukes – T solium/saginata, d latum, schistosoma
50
Q

What is the only antimalarial that isnt a teratogen?

A

mefloquine

51
Q

What malaria drug is safe in kids?

A

atavaquone/proguanil

52
Q

What is daily dosing malaria prophylaxis?

A

doxycicline

53
Q

What is dx/treatment for entamoeba?

A

dx: trophozoite with ingested RBC in diarrhea

metronidazole or tinidazole + iodoquinol to kill entamoeba cysts

54
Q

What is dx/treatment for trichomonas vaginalis?

A

dx: wet mount of discharge see motility
treat: metronidazole or tinidazole + treat partner

55
Q

What is treatment for naegleria, acanthamoeba, balamuthia?

A

– no treatment for meningoencephalitis that it causes == fatal

56
Q

What is dx/treatment for cryptosporidium? isospora/cyclospora?

A

all dx: acid fast stain, immunostain of stool
treat: immune reconstitution +
nitazoxanid for crypto, TMP/SMX for Iso/Cyclo

57
Q

What is treatment for giadria? dx?

A

dx: visualize with DFA
treat: metronidazole or tinidazole

58
Q

What is mech of action of metronidazole/tinidazole? toxicity? use?

A
  • disturbs e- balance in parasite
  • use for anaerobic protozoa [entamoeba, giardia, trichomonas]
  • tox: disulfiram life rxn if take with alcohol
59
Q

What are main drugs for leishmeniasis?

A
  • amphotericin

- antimonial compounds

60
Q

What is mech of antimonial compounds? use? adverse?

A

mech: heavy metals
use: leishmania
adverse: cardiotox, nephrotox

61
Q

What should you think when you se kinetoplast?

A

leishmania or

62
Q

What is treatment for trypanosoma cruzi?

A

brenznidazole or nifurtimox

63
Q

What is treatment for trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense?

A

early: suramin
late: melarsoprol

64
Q

What is treatment for trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

A

early: pentamidine
late: melarsoprol

Microbiology Part 2 (30 decks)

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