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Re > T7: Jewish Beliefs > Flashcards

T7: Jewish Beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

Books in the Torah

A

Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

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2
Q

Tenakh

A

The Jewish holy book (the Christian’s Old Testament

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3
Q

Torah

A

The first five books of the Tenakh (based on Laws)

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4
Q

Nevi’im

A

The second main division of the Hebrew Bible (Prophets)

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5
Q

Ketuvim

A

Third section of the Hebrew Bible (Writings/Book of Wisdom)

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6
Q

Shema

A

The first word of a section of the Torah

- a prayer

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7
Q

Kaddish

A

A prayer to glorify and magnify God and for universal peace

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8
Q

Talmud

A

Ancient Jewish laws - an interpretation of the Torah

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9
Q

Mitzvot

A

613 Jewish laws

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10
Q

Gentile

A

A person who is not a Jew

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11
Q

Kashrut

A

Dietary regulations for a Jew and objects

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12
Q

Orthodox Jews

A

Traditional

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13
Q

Reform Jews

A

Liberal/Progressive

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14
Q

Orthodox beliefs

A

Believe God is one. Separate from Gentile society. Reserved tradition. Reject Jesus as the Messiah. Believe that death is a start into a better life. A person is a Jew if their mother is. Resist modern changes. Believe that they are the chosen nation. Believe that the Torah is inerrant. Must follow the commands. Keep Jewish identity as much as possible but think it is important to be connected to the modern world

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15
Q

Reform Jews beliefs

A

Adapt tradition to modern life. Maintain Judaism as a second identity. Gender equality and individual choice (female rabbis). Equal citizenships to gentiles. It doesn’t matter genetically how you are considered Jewish. Also reject Jesus as the Messiah. They see the Torah as written by those inspired by God but it should be read alongside science. Only follow the moral commands rather than the rituals. Work for fairness and equality

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16
Q

Names for God

A

Yahveh (yhvh - tertrag rammaton “Lord”), G_d (his name is so holy that it can’t ever be spoken or even written, El (a powerful and mighty God), Elohim (to describe that he has many facets and parts), El Shaddai (God Almighty), Hashem Tzevaot (Lord of Hosts), Hashem (the name), EhYeh (“I will be” told to Moses by God), Yahweh (“He will be” God of our ancestors), Adonai (to respect his name)

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17
Q

Bible “quote” to describe God’s eternity

A

The one who is, who was, and who always will be

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18
Q

“Hashem is Our God, Hashem is the one and only’

A

God is One, indivisible, whole, eternal

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19
Q

Anthropomorphic

A

Made more human like (language used in the Tenakh)

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20
Q

Importance of Jewish life today

A

The names of the Almighty help bring Jews closer to Him

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21
Q

God as One

A

The only being to whom Jews should offer praise and prayer to, a single unity who is whole complete and indivisible, infinite, impossible to describe him by physical attributes

22
Q

God as a Creator

A

Only one God who took part in Creation, orthodox believe that everything in the universe was created by God, reform regard the creation story as a metaphor, reform believe in evolution but that God caused it

23
Q

God as a lawgiver

A

His gift of the Torah to Moses at mount Sinai. Guidance to the Jews freed from slavery to live good lives. Believe they are children of God. Only God has the power to rule and judge, to save and destroy. “Our father, our king” - Arhu Makeinu

24
Q

God as a judge

A

Judaism is a religion of strict law. God’s justice is tempered by his mercy (perfectly balanced). Elohim = might, Tetragrammaton = mercy - balance of his qualities. Moses formed a covenant with God to keep the Law. Jews believe God judges how well they keep both the ritual and moral laws

25
Q

Shekinah

A

God’s dwelling place (God’s divine presence as he created the world and is always here)
By studying the Talmud, praying and worshipping

26
Q

Yeshiva

A

Place to focus on studying Jewish tradition

27
Q

Importance of Jewish tradition today

A

The names of the Almighty help bring Jews closer to him as they understand his power and strength of nature but they are unable to fully understand God’s greatness. Help Jews act I. The image of God, in his mercy and justice. Laws are guidelines for living good lives (Mitzvot). Reminds them of their ancestry due to the covenant made between Jews and God. Inspires them to be good by modelling their behaviour on God. Although they believe in one God, they believe he has many attributes and therefore many names. Reciting Shema twice a day reinforces the importance of God as One. However, there is a gap in their understanding

28
Q

Importance of Shekinah

A

They still try to understand God although they can never fully understand him. They study the Tenakh and Talmud to be closer to God and experience his presence. Both men and women study it. Children are sent to yeshiva to learn about God

29
Q

Shekinah and worship (how Jews experience it)

A

Through worship. They can be close to God by following various rituals an purity laws. It is important to be pure and good in God’s presence.

30
Q

Minyan

A

A group of ten men (orthodox) or adults (includes women in reform) over the age of 13

31
Q

Barachu

A

Call to prayer

32
Q

Talmud Sanhedrin (praying in a minyan)

A

“Whenever ten or more are gathered for prayer, there the Shekinah rests”

33
Q

2 Chronicles 7:1 when Solomon had finished building the Temple

A

“The glory of Hashem filled the temple”

34
Q

Messiah

A

Anointed / blessed / chosen one

35
Q

Characteristics of the Messiah

A

Warrior, king, political leader, charismatic, authority on Jewish law

36
Q

Teshuva

A

When an individual returns to God and says sorry for how they have acted

37
Q

Tikkun Olam

A

Describes acts of goodness and kindness

38
Q

Gan Eden

A

(Garden of Eden). Their equivalent of heaven. In the afterlife where the soul rests with God

39
Q

Gehinnom

A

Jewish equivalent of hell

40
Q

Olam Ha-Ba

A

A time of harmony. The world to come. Brought about by the Messianic Age

41
Q

Halakah

A

The name given to the 613 Commandments given to Moses by God

42
Q

Brit Shalom

A

A covenant of peace

43
Q

Sanctity of Life def

A

The belief that all human life is sacred and holy as it is given by God

44
Q

Pikuach Nefesh def

A

Preservation of life overrides any other religious law

45
Q

Quotes for sanctity of life

A

“He who destroys one soul of a human being … destroys the whole world” - Talmud
“So God created man in his image” - Genesis
“You shall not stand aside while your fellow’s blood is shed” - Leviticus
“I put death and I bring to life” - Deuteronomy

46
Q

Quote for Shekhinah

A

“If two sit together and the words of the Torah are between them then the Shekhinah is there” - Talmud
“Where ten or more

47
Q

Quotes for the Messiah

A

“A king will reign and administer justice and righteousness in the land” - Nevi’im
“That king will do what is right and just throughout the land” - Nevi’im
“Raise a signal flag to show the nations flag that he is gathering” - Tenakh

48
Q

Gemilut hasadim

A

Acts of kindness and good deed such as feeding the hungry

49
Q

Christian vs Jewish view on life after death - similarities

A

Most believe that living a righteous life an help you get to heaven/Gan Eden. Some Christians (Jehovah Witnesses) and Orthodox Jews believe that faith (and faith alone) is the main thing that leads us to heaven/Gan Eden, not what you do “faith, not works”. Death is not the end. We will be judged by God at the stage of death (particular judgement)

50
Q

Christian vs Jewish view on life after death - differences

A

Catholics believe in purgatory. All christians believe that hell is permanent and eternal (“the eternal separation from God”). Jews believe that Gehinnom is temporary - souls are cleansed before they move on to Gan Eden. Christians believe the Messiah has already come and will come again during Last Judgement. Jews believe he has not come yet but will come on the Last Day

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