T7 inheritance

Question 1

definition of ecosystem

Answer 1

all living and non-living components in a particular area and their interactions

Question 2

definition of community

Answer 2

all of the populations of different species living in an area at the same time

Question 3

definition of population

Answer 3

group of individuals of ONE species occupying the same area at the same time. potentially able to interbreed

Question 4

definition of carrying capacity

Answer 4

size of a population that can be supported by an ecosystem

Question 5

definition of habitat

Answer 5

place where an organism normally lives - can have microhabitats

Question 6

definition of ecological niche

Answer 6

role of a species within its habitat

Question 7

what is the competitive exclusion principle

Answer 7

no 2 species can occupy the same niche at the same time

Question 8

definition of abundance

Answer 8

number of individuals of a species in a given space.

Question 9

2 types of speciation (brief)

Answer 9

1. allopatric
2. sympatric

Question 10

what is allopatric speciation

Answer 10

-formation of 2 species from an original one due to a geographical barrier
-separated organisms experience different selection pressures so have different allele frequencies and different phenotype frequencies
-eventually become so different they can no longer produce fertile offspring

Question 11

what is sympatric speciation

Answer 11

-formation of 2 species from an original one without a geographical barrier
-a mutation occurs that prevents members breeding w those that dont have the mutation (eg. diff markings, diff courtship behaviour)
-causes reproductive isolation

Question 12

definition of phenotype

Answer 12

expression of the genetic constitution of an organism and its interaction with the environment

Question 13

definition of genotype

Answer 13

genetic constitution of an organism (all of the alleles it has)

Question 14

conditions for chi squared

Answer 14

-large sample size (over 20)
-data must fall into discrete categories
-only raw counts (no percentages/rates)

Question 15

what is chi squared used for

Answer 15

-used to compare expected results with observed ones

Question 16

definition of codominant alleles

Answer 16

alleles that are equally dominant and both expressed in the phenotype

Question 17

definition of dihybrid inheritance

Answer 17

inheritance of 2 characteristics determined by 2 diff genes located on 2 diff chromosomes

Question 18

dihybrid: phenotype ratio for 2 heterozygous parents

Answer 18

9:3:3:1

Question 19

dihybrid: phenotype ratio for 1 hetero, 1 homo recessive

Answer 19

1:1:1:1

Question 20

recessive epistasis phenotype ratio

Answer 20

9:4:3

Question 21

when is hardy-weinberg equation used

Answer 21

used to estimate allele and genotype frequencies in a population

Question 22

definition of epistasis

Answer 22

interaction of genes, where a gene at one locus masks or suppresses the expression of a second gene

Question 23

conditions for hardy weinberg

Answer 23

-large population/sample
-mating is random
-no migration
-no mutation
-no selection pressures

Question 24

definition of gene pool

Answer 24

the complete range of alleles in a population

Question 25

definition of a species

Answer 25

similar organisms that share a common ancestry and the same genes that can reproduce to give fertile offspring

Question 26

definition of allele frequency

Answer 26

how often a certain allele occurs within a population/gene pool

Question 27

definition of evolution

Answer 27

change in frequency of an allele in a population over time

Question 28

dominant epistasis phenotype ratio

Answer 28

12:3:1

Question 29

definition of autosomal linkage

Answer 29

inheritance of 2 genes located on the SAME chromosome (not a sex chromosome)