T6: Urinary System

Question 1

what is osmoregulation

Answer 1

balance= gain loss of water and sunstances

Question 2

how is water loss in body

Answer 2

urinating, defecting, evaporation

Question 3

how is water gained in body

Answer 3

drinking eating metabolic water

Question 4

what animal allows ammonia excretion

Answer 4

surrounded by water= requires large amount water to dilute

Question 5

main portions of kidney

Answer 5

cortex, medulla

Question 6

explain tissue type of kidney

Answer 6

3 layers smooth= rugae
transitional epithelium = distensible

// when full= rugae flatten + epithelium goes from 5 to 2 layers

Question 7

2 urinary sphinters

Answer 7

internal = involuntary smooth

external = voluntary skeletal

Question 8

explain non voluntary micturition

Answer 8

street receptors > sacral spinal > moto neurons contract bladder, relax internal sphincter

Question 9

explain voluntary micturition

Answer 9

stretch receptors > brain

• motor signal bladder contract= relax of internal
• motor from brain= external

Question 10

3 parts of nephron

Answer 10

renal corpuscle (glomerular and bowman capsule)
renal tubule (pct, loop, dct)
collecting duct

Question 11

4 steps of urine formation

Answer 11

1. glom filtration
2. tubular reabsortopn
3. tubular sectretion
4. water conservation

Question 12

2 linings of bowman’s capsul

Answer 12

parietal= simple squ
visceral= podocytes

Question 13

two poles of bowmans

Answer 13

vascular + urinary

Question 14

what 3 barriers must fluid pass through in bowman

Answer 14

endo of capilaries
basement membrane
filtration slits b/w podocytes

Question 15

diff in tissue b/w pct and dct

Answer 15

p= simple cuboidal + microvilli (fuzzy edge)

d-simple cuboidal

Question 16

2 routes of tubular absorption

Answer 16

transcellular (active and passive + obligatory water reabsorption )

paracellular (leaky junction)

Question 17

what the renal threshold

Answer 17

max transport of substance to be reabsorbed

Question 18

function of tubular secretion

Answer 18

waster removal

acid base balance

Question 19

explain concentration gradient of loop

Answer 19

• thin segemnts= more concentrated outside > water moves out (increase conc inside)
• equil at bottom
• up tube again= outside less concentration = water moves out (//THICK TO STOP WATER OUT)

Question 20

Difference in tissue type of thick and thick loop of henle

Answer 20

thin= simple squam
thick= simple cuboidal

Question 21

affect of Antidiretic hormone

Answer 21

increase blood osmotic pressure
= increase ADH (posterior pit)
= increase water perm