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ANHB1102 Exam > T3: Cardiovascular System (& Blood) > Flashcards

T3: Cardiovascular System (& Blood) Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of circuits

A

pulmonary and systemic

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2
Q

what is the base of the heart called

A

apex

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3
Q

what wraps around the heart

A

pericardium

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4
Q

what are the two layers of the pericardium

A

parietal (Irreg CT) and visceral

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5
Q

where does left and right ventricle pump

A 
R= pulmonary
L= body
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6
Q

where does left and right atrium recive blood

A 
R= body
L= lungs
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7
Q

circulatory cycle

A

right atrium receives from vena cava >right AV valve> right ventricle > semi lunar valve> pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle >semi lunar > aorta

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8
Q

3 sulcus on heart

A

coronary - (atria ventricular wall)
anterior inter ventricular (left right ventricle)
posterior inter ventricular

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9
Q

what does the aorta break into

A 
brachiocephalic trunk 
r common carotid
r subclavian 
l common carotid
l subclavian
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10
Q

what arterially supplies the heart

A

right and left coronary arterty

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11
Q

what venously drains the heart

A

coronary sinus

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12
Q

why is ventricle wall thicker

A

higher pressure

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13
Q

why is left ventricular wall thicker

A

supplies whole body

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14
Q

what is trabecular caraea

A

ridges of internal wall= prevent sticking together when contracting

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15
Q

name the two septum

A

interatrial

interventricular

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16
Q

describe 3 layers of heart wall

A 
endocardium= simple squam
myocardium= cardiac muscle 
epicardium= (visceral pericardium) simple squam
17
Q

describe 3 layers of blood vessel wall

A

tunica intimata- epithelium loose ct
tunica media- smooth muscle, collagen, elastin
tunica adventitat= loose ct

18
Q

does capillaries have elastin or msucle

A

none

19
Q

what do valves do in viens

A

unidirectional flow

20
Q

conduction pathway of heart

A

senatorial node > AV node > AV bundle > purkinje fibres

21
Q

what is diastole and systole

A

d= relax

sy=contract

22
Q

4 steps of cardiac cycle

A 
ventric filling (during vent diastole)
isovolumetric contraction (beginning vebtric systole)
ventricular ejection (during vent sy)
isovolumetric relaxation (beg ventricular diastole)
23
Q

explain ventricular filling (during vent diastole)

A
  • vent + atrial diastole
  • atrial pressure higher + ventricular suction = blood flows past AV into ventricles
  • atria systoel= atrial blood > ventricles
24
Q

explain isovolumetric contraction

A

ventricles start systole
BP in vent increase (// before back flow AV close)
semi lunar= close

25
Q

explain ventricular ejection

A

vent pressure higher than aorta > blood past semilunar

26
Q

explain isovolumetric relaxation

A

ventric pressure falls (// prevent back semi close)

27
Q

3 stages of ecg

A

p wave > PQ segment
qrs complex
ST segment > t wave

28
Q

what occurs at P wave

A

SA node fires
atria depolarise
atrial systole begins

29
Q

what occurs at QRS complex

A

isovolumetric contraction

30
Q

cardiac output formula

A

co= sv x hr

31
Q

define cardiac reserve

A

diff b/w max and resting cardiac output

32
Q

how to change COutput

A

change hr, change sv (inversely prop)

33
Q

3 ANS effects on heart

A

sypm > noradrenaline > Ca inflow > contraction = HR increase
para > acetylcholine > outlflow Ca > hyperpolarzise = decrease hr
cardiac centres in medulla

34
Q

frank starling law

A

stroke volume proportional to end diastolic volume

35
Q

expertise effect on CO

A

proprioceptors single cardiac centre > sympathetic

increase venous return > increase preload > increase SV

36
Q

Process of producing blood cells

A

haematopeosis

37
Q

3 functions of blood

A

transport protection regulation

38
Q

characteristics of RBC

A

increase SA/vol ration
+ haemoglobin
anaerobic fermentation

39
Q

lifespan of erythrocyte

A
  1. stem cell= erythrocyte lineage (ECFU)
  2. ECFU express receptors for hormone > erythroblasts
  3. multiple, haemoglobin
  4. nuclear extraction
  5. leave bone marrow

ANHB1102 Exam (7 decks)

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