T3: Cardiovascular System (& Blood) Flashcards
2 types of circuits
pulmonary and systemic
what is the base of the heart called
apex
what wraps around the heart
pericardium
what are the two layers of the pericardium
parietal (Irreg CT) and visceral
where does left and right ventricle pump
R= pulmonary L= body
where does left and right atrium recive blood
R= body L= lungs
circulatory cycle
right atrium receives from vena cava >right AV valve> right ventricle > semi lunar valve> pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left AV valve > left ventricle >semi lunar > aorta
3 sulcus on heart
coronary - (atria ventricular wall)
anterior inter ventricular (left right ventricle)
posterior inter ventricular
what does the aorta break into
brachiocephalic trunk r common carotid r subclavian l common carotid l subclavian
what arterially supplies the heart
right and left coronary arterty
what venously drains the heart
coronary sinus
why is ventricle wall thicker
higher pressure
why is left ventricular wall thicker
supplies whole body
what is trabecular caraea
ridges of internal wall= prevent sticking together when contracting
name the two septum
interatrial
interventricular
describe 3 layers of heart wall
endocardium= simple squam myocardium= cardiac muscle epicardium= (visceral pericardium) simple squam
describe 3 layers of blood vessel wall
tunica intimata- epithelium loose ct
tunica media- smooth muscle, collagen, elastin
tunica adventitat= loose ct
does capillaries have elastin or msucle
none
what do valves do in viens
unidirectional flow
conduction pathway of heart
senatorial node > AV node > AV bundle > purkinje fibres
what is diastole and systole
d= relax
sy=contract
4 steps of cardiac cycle
ventric filling (during vent diastole) isovolumetric contraction (beginning vebtric systole) ventricular ejection (during vent sy) isovolumetric relaxation (beg ventricular diastole)
explain ventricular filling (during vent diastole)
- vent + atrial diastole
- atrial pressure higher + ventricular suction = blood flows past AV into ventricles
- atria systoel= atrial blood > ventricles
explain isovolumetric contraction
ventricles start systole
BP in vent increase (// before back flow AV close)
semi lunar= close
explain ventricular ejection
vent pressure higher than aorta > blood past semilunar
explain isovolumetric relaxation
ventric pressure falls (// prevent back semi close)
3 stages of ecg
p wave > PQ segment
qrs complex
ST segment > t wave
what occurs at P wave
SA node fires
atria depolarise
atrial systole begins
what occurs at QRS complex
isovolumetric contraction
cardiac output formula
co= sv x hr
define cardiac reserve
diff b/w max and resting cardiac output
how to change COutput
change hr, change sv (inversely prop)
3 ANS effects on heart
sypm > noradrenaline > Ca inflow > contraction = HR increase
para > acetylcholine > outlflow Ca > hyperpolarzise = decrease hr
cardiac centres in medulla
frank starling law
stroke volume proportional to end diastolic volume
expertise effect on CO
proprioceptors single cardiac centre > sympathetic
increase venous return > increase preload > increase SV
Process of producing blood cells
haematopeosis
3 functions of blood
transport protection regulation
characteristics of RBC
increase SA/vol ration
+ haemoglobin
anaerobic fermentation
lifespan of erythrocyte
- stem cell= erythrocyte lineage (ECFU)
- ECFU express receptors for hormone > erythroblasts
- multiple, haemoglobin
- nuclear extraction
- leave bone marrow
