T6: Introduction to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
organic chemistry is all about molecules containing…
carbon
therefore all organic compounds contain… and most contain…
carbon
hydrogen
how do you know if a molecule is an alkane
each carbon has 4 single bonds
how do you know if a molecule is an alkene
carbon has 2 single bonds and 1 double bond
how do you know if a molecule is an alkyne
carbon has 1 single bond and 1 triple bond
empirical formula definition
the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound
molecular formula definition
the total number of atoms of each element in a compound
general formula for an alkane
CnH2n+2
general formula for an alkene
CnH2n
general formula for an alkyne
CnH2n
structural formula for propane
CH3CH2CH3
structural formula for 2-Methyl Propane
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
or
CH3CH(CH3)2
skeletal formula for propane
skeletal formula for hexane
skeletal formula for
skeletal formula for
homologous series definition
a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula (alkanes -> methane, ethane, propane, alkens and alcohols)
features of molecules in a homologous series
- same general formula
- same functional group (C=C, OH, Cl)
- differ by number of CH2 units
- similar chemical properties
- show gradual change in physical properties (increasing boiling point)
isomers definition
molecules with the same chemical formula but different structures
2 main groups of isomers
- structural isomerism
- stereoisomerism
3 groups in structural isomerism
- chain isomerism
- positional isomerism
- functional group isomerism
2 groups in stereoisomerism
- geometric (E/Z) isomerism
- optical isomerism
structural isomerism definition
same molecular formula but different structural formula
stereoisomerism definition
same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
how E/Z isomers arise
- C=C that restricts rotation
- each C in the C=C has 2 different groups attached
