T4L4 - The Mysterious Bugs Flashcards
Guillain-Barre syndrome
immune systemattacks the nerves. It’s mainly spread throughmosquitoes, although some cases of sexual transmission have been reported
Virion
Nucleic acid: DNA/RNA, ds or ss, +ve/-ve/ambisense
Protein coat
Enveloped/unenveloped
Nucleocapsid = Nucleic acid + protein coat
Virion = complete particle
Respiratory tract
Influenza
Coryza
Alimentary tract
Gastroenteritis
Skin/mucosa
Warts
Mechanisms of disease at target [5]
NIDIR Necrosis products Inflammatory mediators and lymphokines Dysfunction Immunosuppression Viral replication toxic products
Shedding of virus [8]
MUGGARS - B
Milk Urine Germ cells Genital tract Alimentary Tract Respiratory Tract Saliva Blood
EBV
Differential: Glandular fever
Viral infected B cells expand
T cells expand to control infection
Latent infection of memory B cells established
Level stable until immunosuppression
Transmission Routes
• Skin/mucous membrane • Respiratory tract • Faecal oral • Blood borne • Sexual transmission Vertical transmission - mother to baby
Vertical transmission
Antenatal e.g. transplacental
Perinatal
Postnatal – e.g. breast milk
Persistence of viral DNA [2]
□ Extrachromosomal element (herpesviruses)
Integrated within the host genome (retroviruses)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2
reactivation : fever, blisters or cold sores
Retrovirus infection may result in
Transformation of the cell leading to cancer
Vaccines available for
MMR, Polio, HAV, HBV, HPV, VZV, influenza, etc
Vaccines not available for
HIV, HCV, RSV, CMV, EBV, etc
HBV
lamivudine & others
lamivudine & others
HBV
HCV
ribavirin & PEG IFN
ribavirin & PEG IFN
HCV
Influenza
tamiflu & others
tamiflu & others
Influenza
HSV
aciclovir & others
aciclovir & others
HSV
CMV
ganciclovir & others
ganciclovir & others
CMV
