T3: Structure And Physical Property Relationships

Question 1

Name the three Van Der Waals forces

Answer 1

1. Dipole dipole forces
2. 1 hydrogen bonds
3. Diple-induced dipole
4. London forces

Question 2

DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES

1. attraction between
2. How it occours

Answer 2

1. Polar and polar molecules

2. Oppositely charged sides of dipoles align towrds each other and experience an electrostatic force of attraction

Question 3

HYDROGEN BONDS

1. attraction between (5)
2. How it occours

Answer 3

1. Dipole-dipole force between polar and polar molecules containing HYDROGEN, bonded to either
   - N : nitrogen
   - O : oxygen
   - F : fluoride

• N, O, F have high electronegativity
• form a strong dipole with hydrogen
• dipoles form strong intermolecular forces between each other

Question 4

DIPOLE INDUCED DIPOLE

1. attraction between
2. How it occurs (2)

Answer 4

1. Non-polar and polar molecules
2. • Electron cloud of non-polar molecule is distorted by polar molecule
   • weak force of attraction is produced between dipole and temporary dipole.

Question 5

LONDON FORCES

1. A.K.A
2. Attraction between
3. How it occurs (4)

Answer 5

1. Induced dipole
2. Non-polar and non-polar molecules
3. • continuous motion of electrons may cause asymmetrical distribution of electrons
   • momentarily dipole is produced
   • momentarily dipole causes induced dipole on neighbouring molecule
   • weak forces of attraction develop between induced dipoles

Question 6

VAN DER WAALS FORCES

1. attraction between?

Answer 6

A molecule to another molecule

Question 7

Name the VAN DER WAALS FORCES fron weakest to strongest

Answer 7

1. London forces
2. Dipole dipole
3. Hydrogen bonds

Question 8

Name the funtional groups that have london forces between them

Answer 8

1. Alkanes
2. Alkenes
3. Alkynes

Question 9

Name the funtional groups that have dipole-dipole forces between them

Answer 9

1. Aldehydes
2. Kerones
3. Esters
4. Haloalkanes

Question 10

Name the funtional groups form hydrogen bonds between them

Answer 10

1. Alcohols

2. Carboxylic acid

Question 11

define BOILING POINT

Answer 11

• The temperature at which the vapour pressure of a substance equals to the atmospheric pressure.
• the stronger the IMFs the higher the boiling point

Question 12

Define MELTING POINT

Answer 12

• the temperature at which the solid an liquid phases of a substance are at equilibrium
• the strenger the IMFs, the higher the melting point

Question 13

Define VAPOUR PRESSURE

Answer 13

Pressure exerted by a vapour at equilibrium with its liquid in a closed system. The stringer the IMFs, the lower the vapour pressure