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Chemistry > T3: Organic Molecular Structures > Flashcards

T3: Organic Molecular Structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ORGANIC MOLECULES

A

Molecules containing carbon atoms

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2
Q

Name the three ways in which you can express the formulae of an compound

A
  1. Structural formulae
  2. Condensed structural formulae
  3. Molecular formulae
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3
Q

Define CONDENSED STRUCTURAL FORMULA

A

A notation that shows the way in which atoms are bonded together in a molecule, but does not show all bond lines

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4
Q

Name the following type of formula

Name the following type of formula
A

Condensed structural formula

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5
Q

Define STRUCTURAL FORMULA (3)

A
  • formula of a compound that shows which atoms are attached to which within the molecule.
  • Atoms are presented by their chemical symbols.
  • Lines are used to represent all the bonds that hold the atoms together
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6
Q

Name the following type of formula

A

Structural formula

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7
Q

Define MOLECULAR FORMULA

A

A chemical formula that indicates the element and numbers of each of the atoms in a molecule

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8
Q

Name the following type of formula

A

Molecular formula

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9
Q

Define HYDROCARBON

A

Organic compounds that consist of hydrogen and carbon only

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10
Q

Define HOMOLOGOUS SERIES

A

-A series of organic compounds
- that can be described by the same general formula
OR
- in which one member differs fron the next with a CH2 group

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11
Q

Define SATURATED COMPOUNDS

A

Compounds in which there are no multiple bonds between carbon atoms
in their hydrocarbon chain

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12
Q

Define UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

A

Compounds with one of more multiple bonds between carbon atoms
In their hydrocarbon chain

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13
Q

define FUNCTIONAL GROUP (3)

A
  • A bond or an atom or a group of atoms that
  • determines the physical and chemical properties
  • of a group of organic compounds
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14
Q

ALKANES

  1. Functional group description
  2. Suffix
  3. functional groups structure
A
  1. Only C-H and C-C single Bonds
  2. -ane

3.

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15
Q

ALKENES

  1. Functional group description
  2. Suffix
  3. functional groups structure
A
  1. C-C double bond
  2. -ene

3.

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16
Q

ALKYNES

  1. Description of functional group
  2. Functional group
A
  1. C-C tripple bond
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17
Q

HALOALKANES

  1. Functional group description
  2. Preffix (4) + suffix
  3. functional groups structure
A
  1. Halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in an alkane
    1. F - fluoro
    1. Cl - chloro
    1. Br - bromo
    1. I - iodo
    1. -ane
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18
Q

ALCOHOL

  1. Functional group description
  2. suffix
  3. functional groups structure
A
  1. Hydoxyl group bonded to a saturated carbon atom
  2. An-(no)-ol
    ethan-1,2-diol (di is added if compound has 2 hydroxyl groups)

3.

19
Q

What is a primary alcohol molecule?

A

It is a that molecule carries the hydroxyl group at the end of the longest cardon chain

20
Q

What is a secondary alcohol molecule?

A

It is a molecule that has a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is joined directly to two carbon groups

21
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol molecule?

A

It is a molecule that has a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom that is derectly attached to three carbon groups

22
Q

ALDEHYDES

  1. Suffix
  2. functional structure
A
  1. -anal

2.

23
Q

KETONES

  1. Suffix
  2. functional structues
A
  1. -an-(no)-one

2.

24
Q

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

  1. suffix
  2. Structural formula
A
  1. Anoic acid

2.

25
Q

ESTERS

  1. Structural formula
A
26
Q

ALKYL

  1. Define structure
  2. Suffix
  3. Suffix for two
A
  1. Branched out alkanes
  2. -yl
  3. -di(meth/eth/etc)yl
27
Q

DIENES

  1. define structure
  2. Suffix
A
  1. Alkenes with two or more double bonds in their structures

2. (Eth/prop/etc)a-(no),(no)-diene

28
Q

Define ISOMERS

A
  • two or more compounds with the same molecular formula

- but different stuctural formulae

29
Q

Define STRUCTURAL ISOMER (2)

A
  • organic molecules with the same molecular formula

- but different structural formulae

30
Q

Define CHAIN ISOMERS

A
  • isomers withe the same molecular formula

- but different types of chains

31
Q

Define POSITIONAL ISOMERS

A
  • isomers with the same molecular formula
  • but different positions of the
    1. side chain Substituents or
    2. Functional groups
  • on the parent chain
32
Q

Define FUNCTIONAL ISOMERS

A
  • isomers with the same molecular formula

- but different functional groups

33
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Positional isomer

34
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Positional isomer

35
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Functional isomer

36
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Chain isomer

37
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Positional

38
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Positional isomer

39
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Functional isomer

40
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Chain isomer

41
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Chain isomer

42
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Chain isomer

43
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Positional isomer

44
Q

Identify the following isomer

A

Functional isomer

Chemistry (4 decks)

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