- cold induced rash - arthralgia - conjuctivitis

T3 Immunopathology & hypersensitivity Flashcards by makeen baroudi

main function of cytokines

chemical signals

- attract cells (chemokines)

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main function of acute phase proteins

opsonise pathogens

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functions of complement system

opsonisation
killing
activation
chemoattraction

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what do pattern recognition receptors recognise?

Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

- Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)

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examples of pattern recognition receptors

Toll-like receptors (TLR)

- Inflammasomes (NLRP3)

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what are the causative associations of autoimmunity?

sex:&raquo_space;women
age:&raquo_space;elderly
environment: infection; trauma-tissue damage; smoking

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how do autoreactive B cells & autoantibodies contribute to autoimmunity?

directly cytotoxic

- activation of complement

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how do autoreactive T cells contribute to autoimmunity?

directly cytotoxic

- inflammatory cytokines production

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typical organ specific autoimmune disease

autoimmune thyroid

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typical systemic autoimmune disease

connective tissue diseases

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aetiology of Hashimotos thyroditis

destruction thyroid follicles

- autoimmune

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autoantibodies in Hashimotos thyroditis

thyroglobulin

- thyroid peroxidase

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what does Hasimotos thyroditis lead to

hypothyrodism

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aetiology of Grave’s disease

inappropriate stimulation of thyroid gland by anti-TSH-autoantibody

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what does Grave’s disease lead to

hyperthyroidism

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systemic autoimmune diseases

systemic lupus erythematosus
scleroderma
polymyositis
sjorgen’s syndrome
vasculitis

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what are the distinctions of an autoinflamamtory disease

defect in innate immune system
recurrent inflammation (long term)
lack of 1ry pathogenic role of adaptive system

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what substance is inhibited to treat Muckle-Wells Syndrome

IL-1

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what gene is heterozygously mutated in Familial Cold Urticaria, Muckle-Wells Syndrome & NOMID/CINCA (order of severity), on what chromosome

NLRP3

- Ch1q44

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what is the inheritence pattern fo FMU & MWS

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symptoms of FCU

cold induced rash
arthralgia
conjuctivitis

symptoms of MWS

urticarial rash
sensorineural deafness
AA Amyloidosis

inheritance pattern of NOMID

sporadic

symptoms of NOMID

chronic progressive
meningitis
destructive arthiritis

table summing up autoimmune vs autoinflammation disease

see weekly summary notes

1ry vs 2ry immunodeficiencies

- 1ry: genetics | - 2ry: external factors

causes of 3ry immunodeficiency

- stress - surgery - burns - malnutrition - cancer - lymphoproliferative disease - drugs: affectign lymphocytes & neutrophils - irradiation - AIDS - infections

aetiology of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) syndromes

- defect in B&T cells

treatment of SCID

- bone marrow transplantation | - gene therapy

fungi & protozoa causes of defects in T cells

- candida | - pneumocystis

investigations of chemicals in SCID

- normal IgG - reduced IgM - no IgA - reduced/absent T & NK cells - present B cells

what antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions and which cells does it degranulate?

- IgE | - mast cells; basophils

what mediators are released in type I hypersensitivity reactions?

- preformed | - de novo synthesized

what are the clinical features of type I hypersensitivity reactions?

- fast onset | - weal & flare

which cells are involved in late phase response in type I hypersensitivity

- eosinophils | - Th2 T cell

what substances are released in 1ry response of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

- histamine - proteases - chemotactic factors

what substances released by 2ry response of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

- prostoglandins | - leukotrienes

mechanism of type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction

IgG/IgM --> complement activation/phagocytosis

clinical features of type II hypersensitivity reactions

- mins - hrs | - lysis & necrosis

common antigens in type ii cytotoxic cells

penicillin

diseases that result in type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

- Goodpasture's nephritis | - blood transfusion reaction

mode of action in blood transfusion reaction

- complement --> cytotoxic action | - MCA attack complex

mechanism of type 3

- IgG/IgM Ab against soluble antigen - immune complex deposition - clonal B expansion

clinical features of type 3

- 3-8 hrs | - vasculitis

type 3 associated disease

SLE

mechanism of SLE

- C1 from complement system binds to Ab - C1-9 +++ increased vessel permeability - C3&4 in large amount

describe characteristics of vasculitis

- kidneys: complexes in high conc due to filtering | - joint: plasma filtered to synovial fluid

mechanism of type iv hypersensitvity (delayed)

antigen specific T-cell mediated

clinical features of type 4

- 48-72 hrs | - erythema

antigens of type 4

- metals (nickle) - tuberculin test - poison ivy

associated disease with type iv

contact dermatitis

summary of hypersensitivity reactions

check out weekly summary