T3 Abscess & Chronic leg ulcer Flashcards
what causes rubor
vasodilation
what causes calor
- hyperaemia
- systemic +++ in temp (cytokines)
what causes tumor
- localised oedema
what causes dolor
- cytokines
- physical pressure
what causes functio laesa
- pain
- swelling
what is suppuration & what are the contents
- formation of pus
- neutrophils (living&dead), debris, bacteria
what bacteria causes suppuration
pyogenic (staphy., strepto., gonococcus)
what does suppuration lead to
abscess
why should pus from abscess be put in saline
preserves pus from drying out
why should pus from abscess not be put in formalin
formalin kills organisms
What is lost in ulcer
Epidermis & dermis (deep)
Risk factors of venous leg ulcer
- valvular incompetence (valves cant push blood up)
- damage to venous system
- obesity, immobility
Why does immobility contribute to venous ulcer
Pooling —> venous hypertension
History of venous ulcers
- varicose veins
- leg swelling
- DVT/PE
- sitting
- throbbing/aching in calves
- high BP
- pregnancies
- previous surgery
- fractures/injuries
- +++ age & immobility
Examination area of VU
- Medial gaiter
- associated hypertension
Signs of venous hypertension
- Venous flare
- varicose vein
- atrophied Blanche
- lipodermatosclerosis
- varicose eczema
what is arterial ulcer associated with?
peripheral vascular disease
examination of arterial ulcers
- punched out
- painful
- dry skin
- cool peripheries
- loss of hair appendages
- cyanotic
cause of neuropathic ulcers
- diabetes
- Causes of neuropathy: alcohol; B1/B2 deficiencies; Charcot Marie tooth
appearance of malignant ulcer
rolled edges
what molecules play a major role in wound healing
cytokines
why do people with v ulcers need compressions?
push blood back to heart (make sure no arterial problems)
what are the effects of pentoxifylline
+++ blood flow –> +++ oxygenation
significance of patch testing
check allergies
