Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryo Exam 3 > T3 AQ > Flashcards

T3 AQ Flashcards

1
Q 
The morphology of specific muscles within the limb buds is determined by which of the following factors
Surrounding CT
BMPs
Apical ectodermal ridge
Noggin
A

Surrounding connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Pre muscle cells in the developing limb bud are derived from which of the following sources?
Lateral plate mesoderm
Somatic dermatomes
Somatic myotomes
Neural crest
A

Somatic myotomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following represents the principal function of the AER?
Stimulating outgrowth of the limb bud
Setting up the AP axis of the limb bud
Determining the specific characteristic of the ectodermal appendages of the limb
Determining the pattern of neural outgrowth of the lomb

A

Stimulating outgrowth of the limb bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If the limb disc of a salamander embryo is rotated 180 degrees, so that both the AP and the DV axes are revered, which of the following would be observed?
The resulting limb would be completely normal with no reversal of axes
The AP axis of the resulting limb would be reversed but not the DV axis
The DV axis of the resulting limb bud would be revered but not the AP axis
Both the AP and the DV axes of the resulting limb would be revered

A

The AP axis of the resulting limb would be reversed but not the DV axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Numerous experiments have shown that retinoic acid is capable of inducing the formation of the posterior limb in vertebrates. RA is not the actual morphogen but is capable of activating which of the following genes, which is thought to express the actual morphogen?
Shh
Wnt-7
Pax-3
Noggin
A

Shh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Pattern formation along the proximodistal axis of the limb bud is primarily determined by which of the following?
Paxa
Hoxd
Retinoic acid
Shh
A

Hoxd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
The presence of webbing between the toes of wading birds such as ducks and the presence of webbed fingers (syndactyly) is most likely associated with which of the following?
Overexpression of noggin
Oligohydramnios
Reduced apoptotic activity
Amniocentesis
A

Reduced apoptotic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following experiments carried out on salamander embryos illustrates that the developing limb is a highly regulative system?
Split a limb primordium in two halves and prevent them from fusing
Juxtapose two equivalent halves of a limb primordium
Remove part of a limb primordium
All of the above

A

All;
Split a limb primordium in two halves and prevent them from fusing
Juxtapose two equivalent halves of a limb primordium
Remove part of a limb primordium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Which of the following factors functions as the initial initiator of future hindlimb development?
Hoxd 
Tbx4
Shh
Gli3
A

Tbx4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In limb development, the attraction oft he outgrowing nerves to peripheral organs seems to be unspecified to a very high degree. Connections between a nerve and the end organ can be made only if the two correspond to each other. These assumptions are based on which of the following experiments?
An eye was transplanted tot eh side of a salamander embryo after the forelimb rudiment was removed
A salamander forelimb bud was removed and replaced by a hindlimb bud
A salamander limb rudiment was transplanted to the flank (side) of a host salamander
An obstacle (piece of mica) was placed between the spinal cord and the region where the hindlimb rudiment was to develop in a salamander embryo

A

An eye was transplanted tot eh side of a salamander embryo after the forelimb rudiment was removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
During limb development, pre-muscle cells in the somite express c-met, which is the receptor for which of the following?
Pax3
N-cadherin
Tcf-4
Scatter factor
A

Scatter factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
In the formation of limb joints, which of the following signal molecules is responsible for inhibiting BMP in the region of the future joint cavity?
Shh
Noggin
Wnt-1
Eng-1
A

Noggin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following occurs when an additional limb bud is transplanted into the immediate vicinity of the host forelimb of a salamander embryo?
Neither limb bud will be supplied by any branches of the brachial plexus
The brachial nerves will develop branches running out to the additional limb and will supply it
The transplanted limb bud will be supplied by local nerves that would normally supply flank muscles
Local brachial plexus nerves deviate from the normal limb bud and supply only the transplanted limb bud.

A

The brachial nerves will develop branches running out to the additional limb and will supply it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The formation of clubfoot () is associated with which of the following?
A misplaced ZPA
Defective cellular migration from somites
Thalidomide
Oligohydramnios
Neural crest defect

A

Oligohydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following is observed when the forelimb rudiment of a salamander embryo is removed so that the limb fails to develop?
The associated spinal ganglia increase to more than 150% of their normal size
Local nerves are not affected
The nerves of the brachial plexus remain smaller (thinner) than they would have been if the limb were still there
Nerves of the future brachial plexus undergo apoptosis

A

The nerves of the brachial plexus remain smaller (thinner) than they would have been if the limb were still there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Which of the following are NOT derived from neural crest cells?
Postganglionic autonomic neurons
Autonomic ganglia
Sensory neuron cell bodies
Motor neuron cell bodies
A

Motor neuron cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trunk neural crest cells utilize three migratory pathways. The earliest (first) emigrating cells following which of the following pathways?
Ventral/sympathoadrenal
Ventrolateral
Dorsolateral

A

Ventral pathway/Sympathoadrenal pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Cranial neural crest cells from region of rhombomeres 6 and 7 are involved in the establishment of which of the following structures?
Pharyngeal arch 1
Pharyngeal arch 2
Pharyngeal arch 3
Pharyngeal arch 4
A

Pharyngeal arch 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Neural crest cells that give rise to the leaflets of the semilunar valves, thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and the septa that divide the conus arteriosus into the aortic and pulmonary arteries arise from which of the following?
Circumpharyngeal 
Vagus
Cardiac
Cranial
A

Cardiac neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What neurocristopathies is characterized by pigmentation defects, white stripe in the hair, deafness, and cleft palate among others?

A

Waardenburg Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A low concentration of what factors results in placode formation, which a high concentration of the same factor results in the formation of neural plate?

A

BMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What factor is referred to as the “master gene of eye development” in Drosophila and in human eye development is necessary to induce the formation of the lens placode?

A

Pax-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the development of the retina, the nasotemporal (anterior-posterior) axis is fixed first (before the dorsoventral axis). This axis is established, in part, by gradients composed of what?

A

Ephrins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Except for pharyngeal arch musculature, the rest of the pharyngeal arch mesenchyme is derived from what source?

A

Neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
Except for the first pharyngeal pouch, patterning of the pharyngeal arch endoderm is heavily based on exposure to which of the following factors?
BMPs
Retinoic acid
FGF10
Shh
A

Retinoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Shaping of the snout involves the establishment of a gradient between what pairs of signals?

A

FGF8 and Shh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What develops from the cartilaginous portion of the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
The palate forms during which of the following time periods?
1-3 weeks
4-5 weeks
6-10 weeks
11-15 weeks
A

6-10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q 
Cranial neural crest cells from region of rhombomere 4 is  involved in the establishment of which of the following structures?
Pharyngeal arch 1
Pharyngeal arch 2
Pharyngeal arch 3
Pharyngeal arch 4
A

Pharyngeal arch 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
Cranial neural crest cells from region of rhombomeres 1 and 2 are involved in the establishment of which of the following structures?
Pharyngeal arch 1
Pharyngeal arch 2
Pharyngeal arch 3
Pharyngeal arch 4
A

Pharyngeal arch 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
Tendons of limb muscles arise from the lateral plate mesoderm. Limb muscles arise from which of the following sources?
Dorsal lip of the myotome
Ventral buds of myotomes
Ventrolateral dermomyotome
Paraxial somitomeres
A

Ventrolateral dermomyotome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q 
The morphology of specific muscles within the limb bud is determined by which of the following factors?
Surrounding connective tissue
BMPs
Apical ectodermal ridge
Noggin
A

Surrounding connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q 
Pre-muscle cells in the developing limb bud are derived from which of the following sources
Lateral plate mesoderm
Somitic dermatomes
Somitic myotomes
Neural crest
A

Somitic myotomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following represents the principle function of the AER?
Stimulating outgrowth of the limb bud
Setting up the AP axis of the limb bud
Determining the specific characteristics of the ectodermal appendages of the limb
Determining the pattern of neural outgrowth of the limb

A

Stimulating outgrowth of the limb bud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

If the limb disc of a salamander embryo is rotated 180 degrees, so that both the AP and the DV axes are reversed, which of the following would be observed?
The resulting limb about be completely normal with no reversal of axes
The AP axis of the resulting limb would be revered but not the DV axis
The DV axis of the resulting limb would be revered but not the AP axis
Both the AP and DV axes of the resulting limb would be reversed

A

The AP axis of the resulting limb would be reversed but not the DV axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q 
Numerous experiments have shown that retinoic acid is capable of induing the formation of the posterior limb in vertebrates. Retinoic acid is not the actual morphogen but is capable of activating which of the following genes, which is thought to express the actual morphogen?
Sonic Hedgehog
Wnt 7
Pax 3
Noggin
A

Sonic Hedgehog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q 
Pattern formation along the proximodistal axis of the limb bud is primarily determined by which of the following?
Pax a
Hox d
RA
Shh
A

Hoxd gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q 
The presence of webbing between the toes of wading birds such as ducks and the presence of webbed fingers (syndactyly) is most likely associated with which of the following?
Overexpression of Noggin
Oligohydramnios
Reduced apoptotic activity
Amniocentesis
A

Reduced apoptotic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Which of the following experiments carried out on salamander embryos illustrates that the developing limb is a highly regulative system?
Split a limb primordium into two halves and prevent them from fusing
Juxtapose two equivalent halves of a limb primordium
Remove part of a limb primordium
All of the above

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q 
Which of the following factors functions as the initial initiator of future hindlimb development?
Hoxd
Tbx4
Shh
Gli3
A

Tbx4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

In limb development, the attraction of the outgrowing nerves to peripheral organs seems to be unspecific to a very high degree. Connections between a nerve and the end organ can be made only if the two correspond to each other. These assumptions are based on which of the following experiments?
An eye was transplanted to the side of the salamander embryo after the forelimb rudiment was removed
A salamander forelimb bud was removed and replaced by a hindlimb bud
A salamander limb rudiment was transplanted to the flank (side) of a host salamander
An obstacle (piece if mica) was placed between the spinal cord and the region where the hindlimb rudiment was to develop in a salamander embryo

A

An eye was transplanted to the side of the salamander embryo after the forelimb rudiment was removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q 
During limb development, pre-muscle cells in the somite express c-met, which is the receptor for which of the following?
Pax 3
N-cadherin
Tcf-4
Scatter factor
A

Scatter factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q 
In the formation of limb joints, which of the following signal molecules is responsible for inhibiting BMP in the region of the future joint cavity?
Shh
Noggin
Wnt 1
Eng 1
A

Noggin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which of the following occurs when additional limb bud is transplanted into the immediate vicinity of the host forelimb of a salamander embryo?
Neither limb bud will be supplied by any branches of the brachial plexus
The brachial nerves will develop branches running out to the additional limb and will supply it
The transplanted limb bud will be supplied by local nerves that would normally supply flank muscles
Local brachial plexus nerves deviate from the normal limb bud and supply only the transplanted limb bud

A

The brachial nerves will develop branches running out to the additional limb and will supply it

45
Q

The formation of club foot (tapiles equinovarus) is associated with which of the following
A misplaced ZPA
Defective cellular migration from somites
Thalidomide
Oligohydramnios
A neural crest defect

A

Oligohydramnios

46
Q

Which of the following is observed when the forelimb rudiment of a salamander embryo is removed so that the limb fails to develop?
The associated spinal ganglia increase to more than 150% of their normal size
Local nerves are not affected
The nerves of the brachial plexus remain smaller (thinner) than they would have been if the limb were still there
Nerves of the future brachial plexus undergo apoptosis

A

The nerves of the brachial plexus remain smaller (thinner) than they would have been if the limb were still there

47
Q 
Which of the following are NOT derived from neural crest cells?
Postganglionic autonomic neurons
Autonomic neurons
Sensory neuron cell bodies
Motor neuron cell bodies
A

Motors neuron cell bodies

48
Q 
Which of these cell and tissue types arise from cranial but not trunk, neural crest cells?
Sensory ganglia
Adrenal medulla
Melanocytes
Schwann cells
None of the above
A

None of the above

49
Q 
Which of the following is a poor substrate for migrating neural crest cells?
Laminin
Chondroitin sulfate
Fibronectin
Type IV collagen
Hyaluronic acid
A

Chondroitin sulfate

50
Q 
Neural crest cells arise from which of the following?
Somite
Dorsal non-neural ectoderm
Neural plate
Splanchnic mesoderm
Yolk sac mesoderm
A

Neural plate

51
Q 
A 65 month old infant exhibits multiple congenital defects, including cleft palate, deafness, ocular hypertelorism, and a white forelock but otherwise dark hair on his head. Which of the following represents a probable diagnosis?
CHARGE association
Von Recklinghausen's disease
Hischsprung's disease
Waardenburg's syndrome
None of the above
A

Waardenburg’s syndrome

52
Q 
Which of the following is involved in the migration of neural crest cells from the neural tube?
Snail
BMP 2
Mash 1
Norepinephrine
Glial growth factor
A

Snail

53
Q 
Which is not a derivative of neural crest?
Sensory neurons 
Motor neurons
Schwann cells
Adrenal Medulla
Dental Papilla
A

Motor neurons

54
Q 
What maintains the competence of neural cells to differentiate into autonomic neurons?
Shh
ACh
Mash 1
Glial growth factor
TGF-B
A

Mash 1

55
Q 
If trunk neural crest cells are transplanted into the cranial region, they can form all of the following types of cells except:
Pigement cells
Schwann cells
Sensory neurons
Cartilage
Autonomic neurons
A

Cartilage

56
Q 
Which of the following syndromes is characterized by reduced function of thymus, thyroid and parathyroid glands, cardiovascular defects, and abnormalities of the aortic arches, and is the result of a defect in the neural crest supplying the third and fourth pharyngeal arches?
Neurofibromas
DiGeorge's syndrome
Waardenburg's syndrome
CHARGE
A

DiGeorge’s syndrome

57
Q 
Most neural crest cells originating from areas of somites 1-3 will follow the circumpharyngeal path and will make up which of the following divisions?
Cardiac neural crest
Vagal neural crest 
Sympathoadrenal neural crest
Spinal ganglia neural crest
A

Cardiac neural crest

58
Q

Which of the following conclusions concerning the choroid fissure is correct?
The optic nerve and the hyaloid artery both use the choroid fissure to reach the posterior chamber of the eye
Low concentrations of Shh are necessary to guide the axons of the ganglion cells along the choroid fissure to the retina
Failure of the choroid fissure to close results in the formation of cyclopia
The hyaloid artery uses the choroid fissure to reach the posterior chamber of the eye

A

The hyaloid artery uses the choroid fissure to reach the posterior chamber of the eye

59
Q 
Neural crest derived cells constitute a significant component of what tissue of the eye?
Neural retina
Lens
Optic nerve
Cornea
None of the above
A

Cornea

60
Q 
What molecule play a role in guidance of advancing retinal axons through the optic nerve?
Pax 2
FGF 3
BMP 4
Pax 6
BMP 7
A

Pax 2

61
Q 
Surface ectoderm is induced to become corneal epithelium by an inductive event originating in which of the following?
Optic cup
Chordamesoderm
Optic vesicle
Lens vesicle
Neural retina
A

Lens vesicle

62
Q 
Which of the following is caused by failure of the choroid fissures to close during the sixth week of pregnancy?
Anophthalmos
Microphthalamos
Cyclopia
Colobomo
A

Colobomo

63
Q 
Antagnostic actions ofBMP-4 and Shh, along with ventropin, establish which of the following axes?
AP axis of the cornea
AP axis of the lens
Dorso-ventral axis of the retina
Nasal-temporal fields of the retina
A

Dorso-ventral axis of the retina

64
Q 
Except for the pharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal arch mesoderm (tendons, etc) are derived from which of the following?
Neural crest
Somitomeres
Paraxial mesoderm
Parachordal mesoderm
A

Neural crest

65
Q 
Shaping the snout involved the establishment of a gradient between which of the following pairs of signals?
FGF 8 and Edn1
Hox and Pax
TGF2 and BMP 4
FGF 8 and Shh
A

FGF 8 and Shh

66
Q 
In craniofacial develop, segmentation of the cranial neural tube occurs as a result of expression of which of the following genes?
Sox
BMP
Hox
TGF
A

Hox

67
Q 
In most kind of glandular development, signaling between Shh and FGF occurs between the epithelium and mesenchyme. In which of the following development processes does this signaling occur entirely within the epithelium?
Nasal
Salivary
Thyroid
Anterior pituitary
A

Salivary

68
Q 
In molar development, induction of secondary enamel knots by the primary enamel knot followed by apoptosis of the primary enamel knot is associated with which of the following morphogenetic events?
Formation of future molar cusps
Induction of the ameloblast layer
Induction of the ondontoblast layer
Formation of the dental sac
A

Formation of future molar cusps

69
Q 
At which of the following stages of tooth development do both the ameloblast and odontoblast layers first appear together?
Tooth bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
Dental sac stage
A

Bell stage

70
Q 
Which of the following is necessary for tooth development to continue past the bud stage?
BMP 4
Shh
FGF 8 
Pax 9
A

Pax 9

71
Q 
Cleft lip results from lack of fusion of which of the following?
Nasomedial and nasolateral processes
Nasomedial and maxillary processes
Nasolateral and maxillary processes
Nasomedial and mandibular processes
A

Nasomedial and maxillary processes

72
Q 
Which of the following abnormalities in tooth development is characterized by teeth that appear blue-gray or amber brown and are opalescent and may be caused by mutations in type I collagen?
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Enamel Fluorosis
KGB syndrome
A

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

73
Q 
Which of the following develops from the cartilaginous portion of the second pharyngeal arch?
Meckel's cartilage
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
A

Stapes

74
Q 
Cranial nerve V innervates structures derived from which of the following pharyngeal arches?
Pharyngeal arch 1
Pharyngeal arch 2
Pharyngeal arch 3
Pharyngeal arch 4
A

Pharyngeal arch 1

75
Q 
Rathke's pouch arises from which of the following?
Diencephalon
Stomodeal ectoderm
Mesencephalon
Pharyngeal endoderm
Infundibulum
A

Stomodeal ectoderm

76
Q 
Expression of which of the following genes is necessary to prevent pharyngeal arch 2 from differentiating into pharyngeal arch 1?
Engrail
Pax 7
Hoxa 2
Foxd
A

Hoxa-2

77
Q 
Muscles of facial expression are innervated by cranial nerve 7. This relationship would suggest that these muscle are derived from which of the following pharyngeal arches
First
Second
Third
Fourth
A

Second

78
Q 
In the formation of the mammalian temporomandibular articulation, several bones that are involved in the jaw articulation in lower vertebrates dissociate themselves from jaw articulation and become located in the middle ear cavity where they function in sound transmission. The malleus of the middle ear in mammals is derived from which of the following former jaw articulation bones?
Columella
Meckel's cartilage
Quadrate
Articular
A

Articular

79
Q 
Which of the following develop from the third pharyngeal pouch in response to high concentration of Shh
Thyroid
Superior parathyroids
Thymus
Inferior parathyroids
A

Inferior parathyroids

80
Q 
The auditory tube is a derivative of which of the following pharyngeal pouches?
First
Second
Third
Fourth
A

First

81
Q 
Which of the following remains temporarily connected to the floor of the pharynx by a narrow duct that later forms the foramen cecum on the tongue?
Thyroid
Thymus
Parathyroid
Anterior pituitary
A

Thyroid

82
Q 
Which of the following do NOT form from the ureteric bud (metanephric diverticulum)?
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Nephros
Calyces
A

Nephros

83
Q 
Metanephrogenic blastemata are induced to condense from the surrounding mesenchyme by which of the following?
Allantoic sac
Mesonephric duct
Pronephric duct
Ureteric diverticulum
A

Ureteric diverticulum

84
Q 
Potter's facies is the characteristic of an embryo exposed to which of the following?
Exstrophy of the bladder
Oligohydramnios
Polycystic kidney disease
Epispadias
A

Oligohydroamnios

85
Q 
The ureteric epithelium, influenced by BMP-4, forms which of the following proteins necessary to render the epithelium of the ureter impermeable to water?
Sproutys
Gremlin
Uroplakins
Uvomorulins
A

Uroplakins

86
Q 
Which of the following factors determine the cranio-caudal limits of the early urinary system?
Lim 1
Hox 4-11
RA
Pax 2 and Pax 8
A

Hox 4-11

87
Q 
Sprouty and Gremlin are involved in the development of which of the following?
Teeth
Kidneys
Tongue
Salivary glands
A

Kidneys

88
Q

The presence of the SRY gene is directly associated with which of the following?
Switching of the indifferent gonad to testis
Switching of the indifferent gonad to an ovary
Retention of the Mullerian ducts
Development of the secondary male characteristics

A

Switching of the indifferent gonad to testis

89
Q

The scrotum and labia majora develop from which of the following primordia
Genital tubercle
Genital swellings
Genital fold
A combination of genital tubercle and the genital swellings

A

Genital swellings

90
Q 
In the genetic male, Sertoli cells develop from which of the following?
Rete cords
Sex cords
Efferent ductules
Cortex of the indifferent gonad
A

Sex cords (become seminiferous tubules)

91
Q 
In a genetic male, mesonephric tubules in the vicinity of the gonad will form which of the following?
Rete cords
Sex cords
Efferent ductules
Mesonephric duct
A

Efferent ductules

92
Q 
The conversion of the primordial germ cells into meiosis competent cells depends on which of the following factors?
Dazl
RA
Nanos-2
Stra-8
A

Dazl

93
Q 
The internal carotids are derived from which of the following pairs of aortic arches?
Third 
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
A

Third

94
Q 
The hepatic portal vein develops from which of the following fetal vessels?
Left vitelline
Right vitelline
Left umbilical
Right umbilical
A

Left umbilical

95
Q

Which of the following best describes the function of the ductus venosus?
It will become the left hepatic vein
It carried food-laden blood from the yolk sac to the hepatic capillary network
It drains the hepatic capillary networks into the sinus venosus
It permits the incoming oxygenated placental blood to bypass the capillary networks of the liver

A

It permits the incoming oxygenated placental blood to bypass the capillary networks of the liver

96
Q 
The ductus arteriosus shunt in the fetus becomes the ligamentum arteriosus in the adult. It is derived from the dorsal portion of which of the following structures?
Right fourth aortic arch
Left fourth aortic arch
Right sixth aortic arch
Left sixth aortic arch
A

Left sixth aortic arch

97
Q 
Hemangioblasts originate from the posterolateral mesoderm during gastrulation and organize into blood islands in the yolk around day 18. They become divided into two lineages. Which of the following factors is responsible for establishing the endothelial lineage
Runx1
Hox 3
VeGF A
Angiopoietin
A

Hox 3

98
Q 
The initial formation of the cardiac tube is guided by which of the following?
Tbx 2
Tbx 5
Pax 6
Shh
A

Tbx-2

99
Q 
During cardiac development, the distal region of the bulbus cordis (outflow tract) is derived from which of the following?
Primary cardiac field
Secondary cardiac field
Neural crest
Septoconal ridges
A

Neural crest

100
Q 
Absence of hand-2 results in the absence of which of the following structures?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
A

Right ventricle

101
Q 
The proximal region of the outflow tract of the developing heart is derived from which of the following sources?
Primary heart field
Secondary heart field
Neural crest
Conotruncal septa
A

Secondary heart field

102
Q 
Which of the following adult heart components is derived from the secondary heart field?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Right atrium
A

Right ventricle

103
Q 
The foramen ovale is a right-left cardiac shunt and is structurally associated with which of the following cardiac structures?
Septum primum
Septum secundum
Foramen primum
Foramen secundum
A

Septum secundum

104
Q

What is true concerning the characteristics of the three stages of kidney development in human embryos?

A

The mesonephros is the functional kidney in the human embryo and the pronephric duct is necessary to form the mesonephric duct.

105
Q 
Partitioning of the single ventricle into left and right chamber begins during which of the following developmental periods?
Third week
Fourth week
Fifth week
Sixth week
A

Fifth week

106
Q 
The tracheal primordium extends from the ventral flood of the foregut and will later have to be separated from the foregut lumen (future esophagus) by a septum. The separation is accomplished by a pair of lateral ridges that fuse toward the midline from posterior to anterior. Which of the following factors is responsible for initiating the formation of this septum?
Wnt
Hox6
BMP4 
Fox3A
A

Wnt

107
Q 
The initial sight for the development of the respiratory system is from the floor of the pharynx (ventral foregut). Which of the following factors marks this site (as well as the site of the thyroid diverticulum)?
Wnt
BMP 4
Nkx2.1
FGF 10
A

Nkx2.1

108
Q 
The large, ventral portion of the respiratory diaphragm is derived from which of the following primordia?
Pleuropericardial folds
Falciform ligament
Pleuroperitoneal folds. 
Septum transversum
A

Septum transversum

Embryo Exam 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions