T2 U7 Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

Define;
Celluar respiration
External respiration
internal respiration
Expiration
inspiration
Pulmonary Ventilation

Answer 1

Celluar respiration = Use of o2 an production of CO2 by tissue cells
External respiration = GE b/w P.Blood and alveoli
internal respiration = G.E b/w blood and S.Capillary tissue cells
Expiration = Air leaving lungs
inspiration = Air flows into lugs
Pulmonary Ventilation = Movement air in + out lungs

Question 2

Describe the following;
TV
IRV
ERV
Residual Volume
Dead Space Volume
Functional Volume

Answer 2

TV = Tidal Volume = respiratory volume, 500ml

IRV = Inspiratory Reserve Volume = Amount air forcibly over TV, 3100ml

ERV = Expiratory Reserve Volume = Amount air exhaled after TV, 1200ml

Residual Volume = After strenuous exercise 1200ml remains and cannot be voluntarily used therfore allows GE take place continuously

Dead Space Volume = Air left in conducting zone of air passage after breath, 150ml

Functional Volume = Air that reaches respiratory zone, 350ml

Question 3

Name the 5 nonrespiratory air movements

Answer 3

Cough
sneeze
cry
laugh
hiccup
yawn

Question 4

During external respiration, why does the colour of blood change

Answer 4

O2 picked up by haemo in lungs and CO2 unloaded

Question 5

Why is there always more O2 in Alveoli than blood

Answer 5

Cells remove O2 from blood into alveoli

Question 6

How is carbonic acid made

Answer 6

During Internal respiration CO2 diffuse out tissue cell into blood where mixes w/ hydrogen and forms Carbonic Acid

Question 7

How is O2 transported in blood

Answer 7

Attach to haemo in RBC = Oxyhaemo
OR
CO2 as bicarbonate ions in plasma

Question 8

Which neural centres control respiratory rhythm

Answer 8

Medulla - sets basic rhythm by Vetral Respiratory Group

Pons - smooths out rhythm inspiraation and expiration

Question 9

Which factors incr. Respiratory rate + Depth

Answer 9

Physical
Volition
Emotional
Chemical

Question 10

Define Hypoventilation
hyperventilation
Apnea

Answer 10

Hypoventilation - Slow, shallow breaths
hyperventilation - Fast rapid b/c CO2 + other acids accumulate in blood
Apnea - Cessation of breathing

Question 11

When does COPD occur

Answer 11

Emphysema

Bronchitis

Question 12

What causes lung cancer

Answer 12

Smoking overwhelming lungs protective mechnisms