T2 U1Anatomy Of The Heart

Question 1

Name the 2 layers of the pericardium covering of the heart and their functions

Answer 1

Fibrous pericardium. Prevent overfilling, protect, anchor

Serous pericardium. Slippery, 2 layered

Question 2

Name the 2 layers of serous pericardium

Answer 2

Parietal pericardium. Lines fibrous pericardium. Attaches to arteries leaving heart on superior aspect

Visceral pericardium. Epicardium. Part of heart wall

Question 3

The function of pericardial cavity

Answer 3

Contain serous pericardial fluid membrane. Prevent friction

Question 4

Name and explain the 3 layers of the heart wall

Answer 4

Epicardium. Outermost layer, fat infiltrates

Myocardium. Contracting layer, thick bundle of cardiac muscle twisted in ring arrangements.

Endocardium. Thin innermost layer. Lines atria and ventricles. Continuous with lining of blood vessel leaving and entering heart

Question 5

Atria function

Answer 5

Receiving chamber, not NB for pumping

Question 6

Ventricle function.

Answer 6

Thick wall. Discharge chamber

Question 7

Ventricles and atria are lined with

Answer 7

Endocardium to make blood flow smooth

Question 8

Which veins are arteries do atria pump blood through

Answer 8

Sup. and inf. vena cava, coronary sinus, pulmonary vein

Question 9

Where do ventricles pump out

Answer 9

Via arteries

Question 10

Why does left ventricle have a thicker wall

Answer 10

Pumps directly to lungs

Question 11

Objective of pulmonary circulation

Answer 11

Provide heart with oxy blood

Question 12

How does p. circulation take place

Answer 12

R. Side of heart receive poor oxy blood through vena cava. Blood then through pulmonary trunk split to r and l p. arteries. Oxy rich blood returned via p. vein

Question 13

Objective of systemic circulation?

Answer 13

Provide BODY with oxy rich blood

Question 14

How does systemic circulation take place

Answer 14

L side receive oxy rich blood from aorta, give rise to systemic arteries that supply body tissues. Oxy poor blood circulate from body tissue to RA via systemic vein to vena cava

Question 15

Function of heart valves

Answer 15

Prevent back flow of blood

Question 16

Atrioventricular valves function

Answer 16

Tricuspid and bicuspid.

Chirdae tendinae anchor cusps to position

Question 17

Semi lunar valve function

Answer 17

2 large arteries leaving ventricle - p artery, aortic valve

Question 18

The apex of the heart is pointed in which direction

Answer 18

Toward left hip

Question 19

The r and l C. Arteries provide ____

Answer 19

functional blood to oxygenate Myocardium

Question 20

The arteries in the atrioventricular groove are

Answer 20

Ant. + Post. Interventricular arteries.

Circumflex + Marginal arteries

Question 21

How does cardiac muscle contract

Answer 21

By sliding filament theory

Question 22

The cardiac cell connect by _____. Name them

Answer 22

Intercalated discs. Desmosomes, gap junctions

Question 23

Cardiac fibres electronically couples make to myocardium and behave as single co-ordinted unti

Answer 23

Functional Synctyium

Question 24

The remaining of the cardiac muscle is occupied by_____

Answer 24

Myofibrils composed of sarcomeres

Question 25

Name the sarcomeres of the myofibril

Answer 25

z disc, a band, I band, Actin, Myosin

Question 26

Name 4 main diffrences b/w Cardiac and Skeletal muscle

Answer 26

cells:
Card = Short, branched, interconnected
Skel= Long, cylindrical

Intercalated discs:
Car= w/ desmosomes + GJ
Skel= none

Mirochondria:
Car= 25% cell volume
Skel= 2% cell volume

Myofibrils:
Car= vary size
Skel = same diameter