T1 U2 Nervous tissue

Question 1

What are the main differences between neurons and supporting cells

Answer 1

Supporting cells cannot transmit impulses, never lose ability to divide

Question 2

Define: Nuclei

Answer 2

Cell bodies found in CNS

Question 3

Define: ganglia

Answer 3

Small collection of cell bodies

Question 4

Define: tract

Answer 4

Bundles of nerve fibers through CNS

Question 5

Define : white / grey matter

Answer 5

White : myelinated region of CNS

Grey : unmyelinated region of CNS

Question 6

Name the 2 types of nervous tissue

Answer 6

Neurons

Supporting cells

Question 11

Give the characteristics of nervous tissue

Answer 11

Highly cellular
Densely packed
Highly intertwined

Question 12

Supporting cells of lumped together to form…..

Answer 12

Neurolgia

Question 13

There are 6 types of neuroglia. Where are they split into

Answer 13

4 in CNS

2 in PNS

Question 14

Name the function of supporting cells

Answer 14

Supports neuron

Insulate and protects neurons

Question 15

Name the 4 types of neuroglia found in the CNS

Answer 15

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

Question 16

Name the 2 types of neuroglia found in the PNS

Answer 16

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

Question 17

What is the role of astrocytes

Answer 17

• Cling to neurons to anchor them to capillaries
• Form a barrier between capillaries and neurons - determines permeability
• protect neurons from harmful substances
• disposes of excess k+ ions

Question 18

What is the role of micro glia

Answer 18

• monitor health of nearby neuron

- dispose of debris ( dead brain cells )

Question 19

What is the role of ependymal cells

Answer 19

• lining of central cavities of CNS
• cilia help circulate cerebrospinal fluid
• firm protective cushion around CNS

Question 20

Give the 2 functions of the Schwann cell

Answer 20

• Form myelin sheath around larger nerve fibers

- NB to regeneration of damaged nerve fibers

Question 21

Give the 2 functions of the satellite cells

Answer 21

• surround neuron cell bodies in PNS

- act as protective cushioning cells

Question 22

Give the definition of a neuron

Answer 22

Highly specialized cells that conduct messages in the form of impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 23

What special characteristics do neurons have compared to other cells

Answer 23

• extreme longevity
• amitotic
• high metabolic rate

Question 24

Name the 3 groups neurons are classified by

Answer 24

Sensory
Motor
Interneuron

Question 25

Name the 3 groups neurons are classified by their no of processes

Answer 25

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

Question 26

Explain the structure of a neuron and give its 3 functional components

Answer 26

• large complex cells
  1) input region
  2) conducting component
  3) output region

Question 27

Describe the structural make up of the neuron cell body

Answer 27

• metabolic centre of neuron
• contains nucleolus
• cytoplasm surrounds nucleus and contains organelles
• rough er called Nissl bodies and neurofibrils are NB to maintain shape

Question 28

Name the 8 processes a neuron has and give their function.

Answer 28

• arm like
• dendrites. Convey incoming message to cell body
• axons. Conduct impulse away from cell body
• axon hillock. gives rise to neurons only axon
• axon terminal. axon branch at terminal
• neurotransmitter. chemicals contained in terminal
• synaptic cleft. gap that separates axons
• synapse. Gap that impulses pass through

Question 29

Give he functions of myelin sheath

Answer 29

• covered in myelin
• increases transmission rate of impulses
• wrap around axon
• myelin sheath encloses axon

Question 30

What is the role of Oligodencytes

Answer 30

• wrap processes around nerve fibers = produce myelin sheaths
• insulation

Question 31

Name the 3 functional classifications of neurons

Answer 31

1) sensory affarent neuron
2) motor efferent neuron
3) interneuron

Question 32

Name the 3 structural classifications of the neuron

Answer 32

Bipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar