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T2-SC > T2-Systems_Pathology of the Integumentary System > Flashcards

T2-Systems_Pathology of the Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a traumatic or pathologic loss of normal tissue continuity, structure or function?

A

Lesion

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2
Q

What are some examples of common skin lesions?

A
  • macule: small, flat lesion, different color than skin
  • papule: firm, elevated
  • nodule: elevated and larger than papule
  • pustule: erythematous (redness of skin) that contains purulent exudate/pus (eg. acne)
  • vesicle: elevated, thin-walled lesion with clear fluid
  • plaque: large, slightly elevated with flat surface and scaly (eg. psoriasis)
  • crust: dry, rough surface and scab (dried exudates or blood)
  • lichenification: thick, dry, rough skin
  • keloid: raised, irregular mass of collagen
  • fissure: small, deep crack in skin (usually on hands, feet and anus)
  • ulcer: cavity with loss of tissue; bleeding and weeping
  • eroision: shallow, moist cavity
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3
Q

What is a temporary eruption of the skin; associated with childhood diseases, heat, irritation, or drug-induced reactions?

A

Rash

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4
Q

What are some types of rashes?

A
  • blanched (white)
  • erythematous (red)
  • hemorrhagic or purpuric (containing blood)
  • pigmented (colored)
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5
Q

What is a vesicle of fluid-filled papule that is caused because of a degeneration of epidermal cells and disruptions of intercellular junctions that cause layers of skin to separate and fluid to accumulate?

A

Blister

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6
Q

What are blisters caused by and where are they most often located?

A

Caused by friction or burns. Most commonly on hands, feet.

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7
Q

What is a hyperkeratotic plaque of skin due to chronic pressure or friction?

A

Callus

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8
Q

What is a small, well-circumscribed, conical, keratinous thickening of skin?

A

Corn

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9
Q

Why do they appear and where? Are they painful?

A

Appear on the toes, from rubbing or ill-fitting shoes. Can be painful on feet.

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10
Q

What is a sensation that originates in free nerve endings in the skin (nociceptors)?

A

Pruritis (aka itch)

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11
Q

What information can pruritis provide to us?

A

Can be a clue for internal disorders such as chronic renal disease, biliary disease.

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12
Q

What can scratching an itch do?

A

It’s a spinal reflex and may/may not relieve the itch.

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13
Q

What is caused by dehydration of stratum corneum and may be a primary sign of a skin disorder or underlying systemic disease?

A

Xerosis (aka dry skin)

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14
Q

What can dry skin look like?

A

Rough, scaly, wrinkled and lined. Dry skin is predisposed to itching.

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15
Q

What is it when white patches suddenly appear on the skin, due to the absence of melanocytes, a decreased # of melanocytes or melanocytes that don’t produce melanin?

A

Vitiligo

pigmentary skin disorder

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16
Q

What is a genetic disorder with complete or partial congenital absence of pigment in the skin, hair, eyes?

A

Albinism

pigmentary skin disorder

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17
Q

What is characterized by darkened macules and hyperpigmentation on cheeks, temples and forehead?

A

Chloasma (aka melasma). Also known as pregnancy mask.

pigmentary skin disorder

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18
Q

What is a relatively common fungal infection that invades keratinized tissue and is commonly found on body, face/neck, head, hands, feet nails and genitalia?

A

Tinea (aka ringworm)

superficial fungal infection

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19
Q

What is an infection of a hair follicle which spreads to surrounding dermis and is found on face, neck and back?

A

Furuncles (aka boils)

bacterial infection

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20
Q

What is a collection of furuncles that coalesce into a large infected mass that has to either drain though sinuses or becomes an abscess?

A

Carbuncles

bacterial infection

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21
Q

What is a common, superficial infection that is common in infants and young children that initially appears a small vesicle but that ruptures and leaves a roughened area with a crust?

A

Impetigo

bacterial infection

22
Q

What is an ulcerative form of Impetigo, that ruptures, leaks, crusts and often leads to scarring?

A

Ecthyma

bacterial infection

23
Q

What is a deep infection affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, often associated with fish handling, swimming, animal bites/scratches?

A

Cellulitis

bacterial infection

24
Q

What is a common benign papillomae caused by the Human Papilloma virus that is transmited by direct contact or by auto-inoculation and appears most commonly on hands and feet (but can be anywhere on the skin)?

A

Verrucae (aka warts)

viral infection

25
Q

What virus infects the skin and mucous membranes, has multiple types and can remain doarman in the spinal nerve root only to recur during times of stress or illness?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

viral infection

26
Q

What virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglion, is a re-occurance of the varicella-zoster virus, comes out in times of stress, with lesions that occur in a dermatomal pattern?

A 
Herpes Zoster (aka zona or shingles) 
(viral infection)
27
Q

What is caused by chemicals, environmental substances that come in contact with the skin or by rubbing, and can vary from mild erythema to acute necrotic burns?

A

Irritant Contact Dermitis
(allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose)
eg. poison ivy, oak

28
Q

What is a cell-mediated, type IV hypersensitivity due to a sensitization to an allergen with lesions that range from mild erythema with edema to vesicles/large bullae?

A

Allergic Contact Dermitis

allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose

29
Q

What is a type I hypersensitivity reaction often seen in those with history of asthma, hay fever and atopic dermatitis that forms vesicles with oozing, crusting and flaking?

A

Atopic Eczema

allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose

30
Q

What is characterize by edematous plaques with intense itiching and appears as raised pink/red areas surrounded by a halo?

A

Urticaria (aka hives)

allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose

31
Q

What is a localized or systemic eruption of the skin caused by topical drugs that can cause generalized reactions like urticaria?

A

Drug-induced Skin Eruptions

allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose

32
Q

What is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that results from abnormal activation of T-cells and is characterized by circumscribed, red-thickened plaques with an overlying silver scale?

A

Psoriasis

allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose

33
Q

What is a relatively common chronic, pruritic disease that causes inflammation, papular eruptions of the skin and mucous membranes, as a result of an abnormal immune response linked to Hepatitis C?

A

Lichen Planus

allergic and hypersensitivity dermatose

34
Q

What is a group of skin disorders characterized by scaling papules and plaques, that include psoriasis, and lichen planus?

A

Papulosquamous Dermatoses

35
Q

What is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit (hair follicle and sebaceous gland) that produces excess sebum and that can plug up the pore of a pilosebaceous unit?

A

Acne

36
Q

What are non-inflammatory acne lesions called and what are they?

A

They are called comedones and they are plugs of material that accumulate in oil glands. They get their black color from melanin.

37
Q

What are whiteheads?

A

Whiteheads are pale, slightly elevated papules with no visible orifice.

38
Q

What is the most common form of acne, among adolescents and young adults, that forms lesions on the face and neck (and sometimes back, chest and shoulder)?

A

Acne vulgaris

39
Q

What acne occurs later in life and is a chronic form of acne that has an odoriferous, serous and purulent discharge?

A

Acne Conglobata

40
Q

What skin disorder is a chronic, inflammatory process that occurs in adults over 40, is often confused with acne? In its early stage, repeated episodes of blushing occur and eventually, dark red erythema with domed papules occur on the nose and cheeks.

A

Rosacea

41
Q

What is caused by a mite which burrows into the epidermis and is transmitted by person to person contact (including sexual contact) and by infested sheets.

A

Scabies

42
Q

What has a characteristic lesion that is red to reddish brown with a small burrow and is most commonly found on the interdigital webspaces of hand, flexor surface of wrist, inner surface of elbox, axilla, nipple, penis, belt line and gluteal crease?

A

Scabies

43
Q

What are small insects that live off the blood of animals, are transmitted by direct and indirect personal contact , and for which pruritis and scratching are primary indicators of the infestion?

A

Pediculosis (Lice infestion)

  • corporis affects the body
  • pubis affects the pubic region
  • capitis affects the head
44
Q

What is the protocol for scabies and lice?

A

Use gloves for Tx. Be sure to bag sheets and towels separately, wash them in very hot water and use a hot dryer. Use insecticide to wipe down all surfaces in your treatment area.

45
Q

What are the 3 types of UV rays and their effects?

A

UVC - short, do not pass through Earth’s atmosphere
UVB - responsible for nearly all skin effects of sunlight
UVA - more commonly referred to as “sun tanning rays”

Effects: directly damages skin, accelerates effects of aging, produces changes that could lead to cancer

46
Q

What does C.H.E.S.S. stand for?

A 
Clothing that is sun protective
Hats with wide brim
Eyeglasses that block UVA and UVB 
Sun screens with SPF 15+
Shade, especially between 10AM-4PM
47
Q

What is an erythematous, inflammatory reaction of the skin to excessive exposure to UV radiation?

A

Sunburn

48
Q

What is the most common type of cancer?

A

Skin cancer

49
Q

What are common, benign tumors of the skin that may be pigmented or not, flat or elevated, hairy or non-hairy?

A

Nevi (moles)

50
Q

What is the ABCDE rule of identifying a dysplastic nevus?

A

A - asymmetry
B - border - uneven, scalloped or notched?
C - color - variety of shades?
D - diameter (greater than 6 mm?)
E - evolution - changes in any of the above?

T2-SC (4 decks)

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