T2 Lecture 6: Transplant/Hypersensitivity Flashcards
Difference between allograft, autograft, syngeneic graft, and xenograft?
Allograft - another person, same species
Autograft - same person
Syngeneic - another person, identical genes
Xenograft - different species
What mediates rejection specifically?
Inflammatory reactions
What mediates graft rejection specifically?
Adaptive immune system due to specificity and memory
What does a graft need to be deemed as to be successful?
The body must recognize the graft as “self”
What molecules does a T cell recognize?
MHC/HLA
When does a transfusion reaction occur?
When a person receives blood with different antigens than their own.
What kind of antigens and antibodies do A blood types have?
A antigens on the surface, B antibodies produced.
What kind of antigens and antibodies do O blood types have?
No antigens on the surface, A and B antibodies produced.
If I mix anti-A and anti-B antibodies and have agglutination with both, what blood type did I mix?
AB
If I mix anti-A and anti-B antibodies and have agglutination with just my anti-A, what blood type am I?
A
If I have no agglutination, what blood type do I have?
O
Which Rh group is the only clinically significant one?
RhD
What does a person with Rh+ blood have?
They have the D antigen present on their RBCs.
What happens when an Rh- and an Rh+ person share blood for the first time?
The Rh- person will start making antibodies (IgG) to the D antigen.
What are the two ways I can trigger the production of IgG in terms of Rh blood groups?
Exposure via pregnancy or transfusion.
What are the major antigen targets of transplant rejection?
MHC/HLA
What is rejection of a transplant mainly due to?
T-cells
What is suppressive therapy?
Therapy to inhibit the immune responses that contribute to rejection.
What are the 3 forms of rejection?
Anti-body mediated (Hyperacute and acute)
Cell-mediated (acute)
Chronic rejection (chronic)
What are the common symptoms of rejection?
General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling
FLS
Dependent on organs as well.
What symptom is common in a pancreatic transplant?
High blood sugar
What symptoms are common in a heart transplant?
SOB and reduced ability to exercise
What symptoms are common in a liver transplant?
Yellow skin color and easy bleeding
What symptoms are common in a kidney transplant?
Oliguria