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Cells Tissues Organs > T1Q5 Endocrine > Flashcards

T1Q5 Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

alpha cells

A

product: glucagon
gland: pancreas
function: raise blood glucose levels

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2
Q

beta cells

A

product: insulin
gland: pancreas
function: lower blood glucose levels

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3
Q

delta cells

A

product: somatostatin
gland: pancreas
function: inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatotrophin

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4
Q

PP cells

A

product: pancreatic polypeptide
gland: pancreas
function: INHIBITs secretion of pancreatic enzymes and HCO3-

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5
Q

Follicular Cells

A

product: thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
gland: thyroid
function: increase metabolic rate

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6
Q

C-Cells (Parafollicular Cells)

A

product: calcitonin
gland: thyroid
function: lowers Ca2+ levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity

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7
Q

Chief Cells

A

product: PTH
gland: parathyroid gland
function: raises blood Ca2+ levels

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8
Q

Pinealocytes

A

product: melatonin
gland: pineal gland
function: regulates circardian rhythms

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9
Q

chromaffin cells

A

product: mineralocorticoids
gland: adrenal medulla
function:

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10
Q

cells of zona reticularis

A

product: weak androgens
gland: adrenal cortex
function:

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11
Q

cells of zona fasiculata

A

product: glucocorticoids
gland: adrenal cortex
function:

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12
Q

cells of glomerulosa

A

product: mineralocorticoids
gland: adrenal cortex
function:

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13
Q

hormones

A

endogenous signaling molecules that travel by blood

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14
Q

paracrine

A

signaling to near by cells

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15
Q

juxtacrine

A

signals that remain on a cell surface

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16
Q

hypophysis

A

pituitary gland

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17
Q

hypophysreal pouch

A

the embryonic primordium that becomes the anterior pituitary gland

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18
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

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19
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary derived from oral ectoderm

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20
Q

pars nerovsa

A

neurohypophysis bud

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21
Q

infundibulum

A

neurohyphosyis, stalk

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22
Q

pars distalis

A

wh: 75% of the adenohypophysis

cells:
acidophils: somotrophic cells, lactotrophic cells
basophilics: gonadotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs (energy and sex)

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23
Q

pars tuberalis

A

wh: funnel shaped region of adenohyposis that wraps around the infundibulum of the neurohyphosis
cells: basophils, gonadotrophs

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24
Q

pars intermedia

A

wh: region of the adenohypophysis that divides it from the neurohypophysis
cells: unknown exactly, contains basophils, possibly corticotrophs

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25
Q

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

A

a neuronal connection that allows transport and storage of ADH and oxytocin from their site of synthesis in the hypothalamus to the neurohypophysis

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26
Q

supraoptic and paraventricular neurons

A

produce ADH and oxytocin which are stored in the hypothalamus

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27
Q

superior hypophyseal arteries

A

supply the median eminence of the hypothalamus and infundibular stalk of the neurohypophysis

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28
Q

inferior hypophyseal arteries

A

supply the neurohypophysis

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29
Q

primary plexus

A

a network of arteries that irrigate the infundibular stalk proximally and rejoin to from a larger network in the adenohypophysis

30
Q

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (4)

A
  1. superior hypophyseal arteries
  2. inferior hypophyseal arteries
  3. primary plexus
31
Q

pars distalis

A

wh: largest portion of adenohypophysis
cells:
acidophils: somatrophin, oxytocin
basophils: gonadotrophin, corticotrophin, thryotrophin

32
Q

chromophils

A

secretory cells whose products are stored in granules

33
Q

chromophobes

A

wh: a heterogenous group of cells in the adenohypophysis that stain a poor pink color. lack granules

34
Q

basophils

A

wh: secretory cells in the adenohypophysis that stain with a basic cytoplasm due to secretory granules
ex. corticotrophs, gonadotrophs, and thyrotrohs

35
Q

acidophils

A

wh: secretory cells in the adenohypophysis that stain with dark purple nuclei and pinkish cytoplasm
ex. somatotrophs, lactotrophs

36
Q

somatotrophs

A

product: growth hormone
gland: adenohypophysis
function: to induce growth
stain: acidophilic (dark nucleus, lightish pink cytoplasm due to secretory granules)

37
Q

lactotrophs

A

product: prolactin
gland: adenohypophysis
function: to promote lactation
stain: acidophilic (dark nucleus, lightish pink cytoplasm due to secretory granules)

38
Q

corticotrophs

A

product: corticotrophins
gland: adenohypophysis
function: promote energy expenditure
stain: basophilic (dark nucleus, dark cytoplasm due to secretory granules)

39
Q

gonadotrophs

A

product: gondaotrophins
gland: adenohypophysis
function: sexual regulation
stain: basophilic (dark nucleus, dark cytoplasm due to secretory granules)

40
Q

thyrotrophs

A

product: thyrotrophins
gland: adenohypophysis
function: promote metabolism
stain: basophilic (dark nucleus, dark cytoplasm due to secretory granules)

41
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

stimulates maturation of germ-line cells

a glycoprotein product of gonadotrophins

42
Q

lutenizing hormone

A

in women in regulates cycles; males it promotes secretion of testosterone
a glycoprotein product of gonadotrophins

43
Q

pituicytes

A

product: branched glial cells that release ADH and oxytocin
gland: neurohypophysis
function: water regulation and child birth
stain: eosinophilic, with web-like appearance in close proximity to neurosecretory bodies

44
Q

neurosecretory bodies

A

sites of storage for ADH and vasopressin the neurohypophysis

appear as swellings in the neurohypophysis that have a highly red (eosinophilic) appearance.

45
Q

neurophysin I and II

A

carrier proteins in neurosecretory vesicles that bind oxytocin and ADH respecitvely

46
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

gland: zona glomerulosa
function: affect uptake of salts

47
Q

aldosterone

A

gland: zona glomerulosa, pyramidal cells
function: affects uptake of sodium specifically

48
Q

cortisol

A

gland: adrenal cortex, zona fasciulata, polyhedral cells
function: stimulate gluconeogenesis in the liver

49
Q

DHEA

A

gland: adrenal cortex, zona reticularis (dark stain, lipofuscin)
function: a weak androgen precursor that is converted to full T in both men and women

50
Q

chromaffin cells

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:
ARISE FROM NEURAL CREST CELLS

51
Q

chromogranins

A

bind catecholamines in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

52
Q

DNES

A

diffuse neuroendocrine system

53
Q

enterochromaffin cells

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:

54
Q

argentaffin cells

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:

55
Q

APUD cells

A

?

56
Q

thryoxine

A

gland:
function:

57
Q

triodothryonine

A

gland:
function:

58
Q

colloid

A

?

59
Q

thryoglobulin

A

?

60
Q

thyrocytes

A

?

61
Q

parafollicluar cell (C-Cell)

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:

62
Q

pendrin

A

?

63
Q

principal (chief) cells

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:

64
Q

PTH

A

gland:
function:

65
Q

oxyphil cells

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:

66
Q

epiphysis cerebi

A

?

67
Q

pinealocytes

A

product:
gland:
function:
stain:

68
Q

astrocytes

A

pineal gland
located near blood vessels
dark, basophilic appearance

69
Q

corpora arenacea

A

“brain sand,” a calcification product in the pineal gland

stain: a deep, hemotoxylin blue

70
Q

somatotropin

A

growth hormone

Cells Tissues Organs (8 decks)

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