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Cells Tissues Organs > T1Q5: Digestive Tract > Flashcards

T1Q5: Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

mucosa

A

wh: lamina propria+ epithelia= mucosa
diff: most variable part of the digestive tract, varies widely

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2
Q

submucosa

A

a neurovascularized layer of connective tissue that underlies mucosa

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3
Q

muscularis

A

wh: the muscular 3rd layer of the digestive tract, contains the myenteric plexus (auerbach) between inner and outer rings

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4
Q

serosa

A

the 4 outer layer of the digestive tube, it is a

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5
Q

lamina propria

A

wh: a thin layer of connective tissue
diff:

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6
Q

muscularis mucosae

A

wh: a layer of smooth muscle that separates the mucosa from the submucosa
diff:

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7
Q

Meissner v. Auerbach nerve plexus

A

meissner: submucosa, located between the muscularis mucosae

Auerbach (myenteric): located between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis layer

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8
Q

mesothelium

A

the epithelium of the mesentries of the abdomen

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9
Q

esophagus

A

a 25 cm long muscular tube connective the oral cavity and stomach in adults

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10
Q

esophageal glands

A

mucous glands that protect the esophagus from erosion

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11
Q

esophageal cardiac glands

A

additional mucous glands that arise near the cardiac pylorus of the stomach

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12
Q

chyme

A

wh: a mix of food and the acidic juices of the stomach
wh: stomach

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13
Q

pepsins

A

proteolytic enzymes that begin protein digestion in the stomach

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14
Q

cardia

A

the portion of the stomach most proximal to the esophagus

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15
Q

pylorus

A

the portion of the stomach most proximal to the duodenum

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16
Q

fundus

A

wh: the upper dome of the stomach
diff: a site of gastric glands and gastric juice release

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17
Q

body

A

wh: the segment of the stomach located between the cardiac and plyoric incissures
diff: a site of gastric glands and gastric juice release

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18
Q

rugae

A

longitudinally directed folds in the stomach that stretch with ingestion of food

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19
Q

gastric pits

A

wh: invaginations in the simple squamos epithelium of the stomach
diff: contain eosinophilic parietal cells scattered throughout with basophilic chief cells located towards the base of the gland

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20
Q

surface mucous cells

A

mucous secreting cells found toward the luminal surface of gastric pits

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21
Q

stem cells

A

found in the narrow segment (isthmus) between gastric pits and epithelia that line the gland

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22
Q

mucous neck cells

A

wh: secrete an alkaline solution into the stomach
diff: they are slightly less columnar that the surrounding epithelial cells

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23
Q

parietal cells

A

wh: cells that secrete HCl into the stomach
diff: eosin pink due to mitochondria, contain

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24
Q

intracellular canaliculus

A

invagiantions in parietal cells that allow them to optimize HCl production through HCO3- exchange

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25
Q

carbonic annhydrase

A

an enzyme in parietal cells that catalyzes production of H+ ions

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26
Q

intrisnic factor

A

wh: a glycoprotein necessary for B12 absorption
whr: parietal cells in the stomach

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27
Q

gastrin

A

wh: a enteroendocrine hormone that stimulates the release of HCl from parietal cells

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28
Q

chief (zymogenic)

A

wh: gastric pit cells that secrete pepsin and gastric lipase
diff: hemo basophilic stain, polarity, density of secretory granules, rough ER, and proximity toward muscularis mucosae

29
Q

pepsinogens

A

pepsin precursors synthesized by chief cells and cleaved for activation in the stomach

30
Q

pepsins

A

active enzymes that begin protein digestion in the stomach

31
Q

gastric lipase

A

a lipid digesting hormone secreted by chief cells into the gastric lumen

32
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

wh: cells of the digestive tract that release hormone signals
they are now named after the principle hormone they produce

33
Q

serotonin

A

a neurohormoen secreted by enteroendocrine cells of the digestive tract among other cells

34
Q

G cells

A

wh: gastrin secreting cells found at the base of gastric pits
diff:

35
Q

enterochromaffin cells

A

enteroendocrine cells named after the stain that detects them

36
Q

argentaffin cell

A

enteroendocrine cells named after the stain that detects them

37
Q

APUD cells

A

amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cells

38
Q

DNES

A

diffuse neuroendocrine system

39
Q

cardinal glands

A

wh: coiled, tubular glands that contain only mucous secreting cells
wh: cardia
diff: located in the mucosa

40
Q

pyloric glands

A

wh: coiled, tubular glands that contain only mucous secreting cells
wh: cardia
diff: located in the mucosa

41
Q

muscularis (stomach)

A

3 poorly defined layers of muscular tissue

outer: longitudinal layer
middle: circular layer
inner: oblique layer

42
Q

duodenum

A

the initial portion of the small intestine

43
Q

jejunum

A

the second portion of the small intestine

has the most developed plicae circulares

44
Q

ileum

A

the last portion of the small intestine

45
Q

plicae circulares

A

foldings of the mucosal layer of the small intestine that maximize surface area

46
Q

villi

A

muscosal outgrowth that project into the lumen of the small intestine

47
Q

enterocytes

A

absorptive cells found in the small intestine

48
Q

goblet cells

A

mucous secreting cells interspersed among the large and small bowels, most developed in the colon

49
Q

lacteal

A

a lymphatic duct

50
Q

intestinal glands

A

crypts of liberkuhn. Contain panenth immune cells and

51
Q

crypts of lieberkuhn

A

Contain panenth immune cells and stem cels

52
Q

defensins

A

innate immune secretions of panenth cells

53
Q

panenth cells

A

wh: innate immune cells that secrete lysozymes, defensins, and phospholipase A2
wh: crypts of lieberkuhn
diff: eosinophilic due to lysozyme,

54
Q

M cells (microfold)

A

wh: antigen presenting endocytic cells
whr: ileum, just above peyer’s patches
diff:

55
Q

Brunner Glands

A

wh: branched tubular glands that secrete an alkaline fluid
whr: proximal duodenum, muscularis/ submuscularis
diff:

56
Q

Peyer Patches

A

clusters of lymphatic tissue, often associated with antigen presenting M-cells

57
Q

cecum

A

the short inferior outpouching of the colon

58
Q

ileocecal valve

A

a valve that seals off the cecum from the rest of the colon

59
Q

colon

A

wh: the large bowel
diff: lack of circulare plicares, numerous goblet cells (gall bladder is similar but it lacks goblet cells), teniae coli

60
Q

rectum

A

the distal most portion of the tract

61
Q

haustra

A

pouches created by the teniae coli in the colon

62
Q

intestinal glands

A

contain goblet cells

63
Q

coloncytes

A

wh: the mucous cells of the colon
diff: irregular microvilli, dilated intracellular spaces, active in fluid absorption

64
Q

teniae coli

A

wh: “ribbons of colon” the muscularis layer separates into 3 distinct layers

65
Q

anal canal

A

the distal 3-4 cm of the GI tract

66
Q

rectoanal junction

A

wh: the junction between the rectum and the rectum
diff: the simple columnar mucosal lining is replaced by stratified by stratified squamos epithelial

67
Q

anal columns

A

longitudinal tubular glands that run along the course of the anus

68
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

involuntary control

69
Q

external anal sphincter

A

voluntary control

Cells Tissues Organs (8 decks)

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