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Module 104 - Nutrition, metabolism & excretion > T1 L3 Contents of abdomen > Flashcards

T1 L3 Contents of abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the abdomen?

A

Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower

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2
Q

What is in the right upper division?

A 
Right lobe of liver
Gall bladder
duodenum
head of pancreas
hepatic fixture of colon
Part of ascending & descending colon
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3
Q

What is in the left upper division?

A 
Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of liver
Body of pancreas
Splenic flexure of colon
Part of transverse & descending colon
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4
Q

What is in the right lower division?

A

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Small intestine

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5
Q

What is in the left lower division?

A

Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

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6
Q

What are the 9 divisions of the abdomen?

A 
Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondria
Right lumbar 
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac
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7
Q

What is in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Right kidney
Small intestine

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8
Q

What is in the epigastric region?

A 
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
Adrenal glands
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9
Q

What is in the left hypochondriac region?

A

Spleen
Colon
Left kidney
Pancreas

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10
Q

What is in the right lumbar region?

A

Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon

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11
Q

What is in the umbilical region?

A

Umbilicus
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum

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12
Q

What is in the left lumbar region?

A

Descending colon

Left kidney

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13
Q

What is in the right iliac region?

A

Appendix

Cecum

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14
Q

What is in the hypogastric region?

A

Urinary bladder
Sigmoid colon
Female reproductive organs

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15
Q

What is in the left iliac region?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid

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16
Q

What processes occur in the digestive system?

A 
Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing & propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
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17
Q

What are the 3 main histological divisions of the GI tract?

A

Mucosal layer
Muscular layer
Serous layer

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18
Q

Describe the mucosal layer

A

Inner layer
Exposed to external environment
Secretes mucus
Involved in absorption

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19
Q

Describe the muscular layer

A

Longitudinal or circular

Responsible for movement of lumen contents

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20
Q

Describe the serous layer

A

Outer membrane
Secretes lubricating fluid
Outer epithelial layer
Inner layer - connective tissue containing vessels

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21
Q

What makes up the oral cavity?

A

Teeth
Palate
Tongue
Salivary glands

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22
Q

What is the function of teeth?

A

Accessory organs that assist with mechanical digestion

23
Q

What is the function of the palate?

A

Roof of mouth

Soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing

24
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

Accessory organ
Taste
Assists with mixing
Swallowing

25
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

Directs food to oesophagus

Blocks entry to trachea

26
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A 
Muscular tube around 25cm long
Posterior to trachea
Upper edge in contact with pharynx
Pierces diaphragm at T10
Opens to stomach
27
Q

Describe the stomach

A 
Most dilated part of alimentary canal
Between oesophagus &small intestine
J shaped
Lies under diaphragm & heart
2 openings, curvatures, surfaces
Mechanical & chemical digestion
28
Q

What 3 parts make up the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

29
Q

Describe the stomach anatomy

A 
Cardiac orifice
Pyloric orifice
Greater curvature
Lesser curvate 
Pyloric & cardial sphincters
3 layers of muscle
30
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the small intestine

31
Q

What 4 parts make up the duodenum?

A

Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

32
Q

Describe the small intestine

A

5m convoluted tube
Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
Digestion & absorption occurs here

33
Q

Describe the duodenum

A 
20-25cm 
Retroperitoneal
C-shaped
Duct from pancreas & gallbladder open here to release bile & pancreatic juices
Ends at duodenal-jejunal flexure
34
Q

Describe the jejunum / ileum

A

3m long
From duodenal-jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction
Site of absorption
Large surface area - increased by circular folds, villi, microvilli
Motility - one attached & one free edge

35
Q

Describe the large intestine

A 
Terminal division of GI tract
From end ileum to anus
1.5m in length - greater cross sectional area compared to small intestine
M-shaped
4 parts
36
Q

What are the 4 parts of the large intestine?

A

Ascending - retroperitoneal
Transverse
Descending - retroperitoneal
Sigmoid

37
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

Absorption of water
Form faeces
Expect faeces

38
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac

39
Q

What vein supplies the foregut?

A

Portal

40
Q

What lymphatic supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac nodes

41
Q

What nerve supplies the foregut?

A

Sympathetic - celiac ganglia

Parasympathetic - vagus nerve

42
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric

43
Q

What vein supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric

44
Q

What lymphatic supplies the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric nodes

45
Q

What nerves supplies the midgut?

A

Sympathetic - superior mesenteric ganglia

Parasympathetic - vagus nerve

46
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric

47
Q

What vein supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric

48
Q

What lymphatic supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric nodes

49
Q

What nerves supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglia

Pelvic splanchnic

50
Q

What are the branches from the superior mesenteric artery?

A 
Distal part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Jejunal & ileal branches
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocaecal
51
Q

What are the branches from the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to 1/2 down anal canal
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

52
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation?

A

Splanchnic nerves - prevertebral

Sympathetic trunk & ganglia - paravertebral

53
Q

What Is the parasympathetic innervation?

A

Vagus nerve - cranial nerve X

Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2-4

Module 104 - Nutrition, metabolism & excretion (31 decks)

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