T1 L3 Contents of abdomen

Question 1

What are the 4 divisions of the abdomen?

Answer 1

Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower

Question 2

What is in the right upper division?

Answer 2

Right lobe of liver
Gall bladder
duodenum
head of pancreas
hepatic fixture of colon
Part of ascending & descending colon

Question 3

What is in the left upper division?

Answer 3

Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of liver
Body of pancreas
Splenic flexure of colon
Part of transverse & descending colon

Question 4

What is in the right lower division?

Answer 4

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Small intestine

Question 5

What is in the left lower division?

Answer 5

Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

Question 6

What are the 9 divisions of the abdomen?

Answer 6

Right hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left hypochondria
Right lumbar 
Umbilical
Left lumbar
Right iliac
Hypogastric
Left iliac

Question 7

What is in the right hypochondriac region?

Answer 7

Liver
Gallbladder
Right kidney
Small intestine

Question 8

What is in the epigastric region?

Answer 8

Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
Adrenal glands

Question 9

What is in the left hypochondriac region?

Answer 9

Spleen
Colon
Left kidney
Pancreas

Question 10

What is in the right lumbar region?

Answer 10

Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon

Question 11

What is in the umbilical region?

Answer 11

Umbilicus
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum

Question 12

What is in the left lumbar region?

Answer 12

Descending colon

Left kidney

Question 13

What is in the right iliac region?

Answer 13

Appendix

Cecum

Question 14

What is in the hypogastric region?

Answer 14

Urinary bladder
Sigmoid colon
Female reproductive organs

Question 15

What is in the left iliac region?

Answer 15

Descending colon

Sigmoid

Question 16

What processes occur in the digestive system?

Answer 16

Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing & propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

Question 17

What are the 3 main histological divisions of the GI tract?

Answer 17

Mucosal layer
Muscular layer
Serous layer

Question 18

Describe the mucosal layer

Answer 18

Inner layer
Exposed to external environment
Secretes mucus
Involved in absorption

Question 19

Describe the muscular layer

Answer 19

Longitudinal or circular

Responsible for movement of lumen contents

Question 20

Describe the serous layer

Answer 20

Outer membrane
Secretes lubricating fluid
Outer epithelial layer
Inner layer - connective tissue containing vessels

Question 21

What makes up the oral cavity?

Answer 21

Teeth
Palate
Tongue
Salivary glands

Question 22

What is the function of teeth?

Answer 22

Accessory organs that assist with mechanical digestion

Question 23

What is the function of the palate?

Answer 23

Roof of mouth

Soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing

Question 24

What is the function of the tongue?

Answer 24

Accessory organ
Taste
Assists with mixing
Swallowing

Question 25

What is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 25

Directs food to oesophagus | Blocks entry to trachea

Question 26

Describe the oesophagus

Answer 26

``` Muscular tube around 25cm long Posterior to trachea Upper edge in contact with pharynx Pierces diaphragm at T10 Opens to stomach ```

Question 27

Describe the stomach

Answer 27

``` Most dilated part of alimentary canal Between oesophagus &small intestine J shaped Lies under diaphragm & heart 2 openings, curvatures, surfaces Mechanical & chemical digestion ```

Question 28

What 3 parts make up the small intestine?

Answer 28

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 29

Describe the stomach anatomy

Answer 29

``` Cardiac orifice Pyloric orifice Greater curvature Lesser curvate Pyloric & cardial sphincters 3 layers of muscle ```

Question 30

What is pyloric stenosis?

Answer 30

Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the small intestine

Question 31

What 4 parts make up the duodenum?

Answer 31

Superior Descending Horizontal Ascending

Question 32

Describe the small intestine

Answer 32

5m convoluted tube Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction Digestion & absorption occurs here

Question 33

Describe the duodenum

Answer 33

``` 20-25cm Retroperitoneal C-shaped Duct from pancreas & gallbladder open here to release bile & pancreatic juices Ends at duodenal-jejunal flexure ```

Question 34

Describe the jejunum / ileum

Answer 34

3m long From duodenal-jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction Site of absorption Large surface area - increased by circular folds, villi, microvilli Motility - one attached & one free edge

Question 35

Describe the large intestine

Answer 35

``` Terminal division of GI tract From end ileum to anus 1.5m in length - greater cross sectional area compared to small intestine M-shaped 4 parts ```

Question 36

What are the 4 parts of the large intestine?

Answer 36

Ascending - retroperitoneal Transverse Descending - retroperitoneal Sigmoid

Question 37

What are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 37

Absorption of water Form faeces Expect faeces

Question 38

What artery supplies the foregut?

Answer 38

Celiac

Question 39

What vein supplies the foregut?

Answer 39

Portal

Question 40

What lymphatic supplies the foregut?

Answer 40

Celiac nodes

Question 41

What nerve supplies the foregut?

Answer 41

Sympathetic - celiac ganglia | Parasympathetic - vagus nerve

Question 42

What artery supplies the midgut?

Answer 42

Superior mesenteric

Question 43

What vein supplies the midgut?

Answer 43

Superior mesenteric

Question 44

What lymphatic supplies the midgut?

Answer 44

Superior mesenteric nodes

Question 45

What nerves supplies the midgut?

Answer 45

Sympathetic - superior mesenteric ganglia | Parasympathetic - vagus nerve

Question 46

What artery supplies the hindgut?

Answer 46

Inferior mesenteric

Question 47

What vein supplies the hindgut?

Answer 47

Inferior mesenteric

Question 48

What lymphatic supplies the hindgut?

Answer 48

Inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 49

What nerves supplies the hindgut?

Answer 49

Inferior mesenteric ganglia | Pelvic splanchnic

Question 50

What are the branches from the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 50

``` Distal part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon Jejunal & ileal branches Middle colic Right colic Ileocaecal ```

Question 51

What are the branches from the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 51

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to 1/2 down anal canal Left colic Sigmoid Superior rectal

Question 52

What is the sympathetic innervation?

Answer 52

Splanchnic nerves - prevertebral | Sympathetic trunk & ganglia - paravertebral

Question 53

What Is the parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 53

Vagus nerve - cranial nerve X | Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2-4