T1 L3 Contents of abdomen Flashcards
What are the 4 divisions of the abdomen?
Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower
What is in the right upper division?
Right lobe of liver Gall bladder duodenum head of pancreas hepatic fixture of colon Part of ascending & descending colon
What is in the left upper division?
Stomach Spleen Left lobe of liver Body of pancreas Splenic flexure of colon Part of transverse & descending colon
What is in the right lower division?
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Small intestine
What is in the left lower division?
Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
What are the 9 divisions of the abdomen?
Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondria Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac
What is in the right hypochondriac region?
Liver
Gallbladder
Right kidney
Small intestine
What is in the epigastric region?
Stomach Liver Pancreas Duodenum Spleen Adrenal glands
What is in the left hypochondriac region?
Spleen
Colon
Left kidney
Pancreas
What is in the right lumbar region?
Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon
What is in the umbilical region?
Umbilicus
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum
What is in the left lumbar region?
Descending colon
Left kidney
What is in the right iliac region?
Appendix
Cecum
What is in the hypogastric region?
Urinary bladder
Sigmoid colon
Female reproductive organs
What is in the left iliac region?
Descending colon
Sigmoid
What processes occur in the digestive system?
Ingestion Secretion Mixing & propulsion Digestion Absorption Defecation
What are the 3 main histological divisions of the GI tract?
Mucosal layer
Muscular layer
Serous layer
Describe the mucosal layer
Inner layer
Exposed to external environment
Secretes mucus
Involved in absorption
Describe the muscular layer
Longitudinal or circular
Responsible for movement of lumen contents
Describe the serous layer
Outer membrane
Secretes lubricating fluid
Outer epithelial layer
Inner layer - connective tissue containing vessels
What makes up the oral cavity?
Teeth
Palate
Tongue
Salivary glands
What is the function of teeth?
Accessory organs that assist with mechanical digestion
What is the function of the palate?
Roof of mouth
Soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing
What is the function of the tongue?
Accessory organ
Taste
Assists with mixing
Swallowing
What is the function of the pharynx?
Directs food to oesophagus
Blocks entry to trachea
Describe the oesophagus
Muscular tube around 25cm long Posterior to trachea Upper edge in contact with pharynx Pierces diaphragm at T10 Opens to stomach
Describe the stomach
Most dilated part of alimentary canal Between oesophagus &small intestine J shaped Lies under diaphragm & heart 2 openings, curvatures, surfaces Mechanical & chemical digestion
What 3 parts make up the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Describe the stomach anatomy
Cardiac orifice Pyloric orifice Greater curvature Lesser curvate Pyloric & cardial sphincters 3 layers of muscle
What is pyloric stenosis?
Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the small intestine
What 4 parts make up the duodenum?
Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending
Describe the small intestine
5m convoluted tube
Pylorus of stomach to ileocaecal junction
Digestion & absorption occurs here
Describe the duodenum
20-25cm Retroperitoneal C-shaped Duct from pancreas & gallbladder open here to release bile & pancreatic juices Ends at duodenal-jejunal flexure
Describe the jejunum / ileum
3m long
From duodenal-jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction
Site of absorption
Large surface area - increased by circular folds, villi, microvilli
Motility - one attached & one free edge
Describe the large intestine
Terminal division of GI tract From end ileum to anus 1.5m in length - greater cross sectional area compared to small intestine M-shaped 4 parts
What are the 4 parts of the large intestine?
Ascending - retroperitoneal
Transverse
Descending - retroperitoneal
Sigmoid
What are the functions of the large intestine?
Absorption of water
Form faeces
Expect faeces
What artery supplies the foregut?
Celiac
What vein supplies the foregut?
Portal
What lymphatic supplies the foregut?
Celiac nodes
What nerve supplies the foregut?
Sympathetic - celiac ganglia
Parasympathetic - vagus nerve
What artery supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric
What vein supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric
What lymphatic supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric nodes
What nerves supplies the midgut?
Sympathetic - superior mesenteric ganglia
Parasympathetic - vagus nerve
What artery supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric
What vein supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric
What lymphatic supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric nodes
What nerves supplies the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric ganglia
Pelvic splanchnic
What are the branches from the superior mesenteric artery?
Distal part of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon Jejunal & ileal branches Middle colic Right colic Ileocaecal
What are the branches from the inferior mesenteric artery?
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to 1/2 down anal canal
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal
What is the sympathetic innervation?
Splanchnic nerves - prevertebral
Sympathetic trunk & ganglia - paravertebral
What Is the parasympathetic innervation?
Vagus nerve - cranial nerve X
Pelvic splanchnic nerves - S2-4
