T1: Growth and Development: School Age & Adolenscent Flashcards
school age: weight
gains approximately 5 lbs./year
school age: height
increases 1 to 2 inches/year; boys and girls differ little at first, but by end of this period girls will gain more weight and height compared to boys
school age: motor development
-susceptible to greenstick fractures
-Movement become more limber, graceful, and coordinated
-Have greater stamina and energy
school age: vision
20/20 by 6 to 7 years; myopia may appear by 8 years
Intuitive thought stage - (6-7 years old)
-thinking is based on immediate perceptions of the environment and the child’s own viewpoint.
-Cannot understand another’s viewpoint, form hypotheses, or deal with abstract concepts.
-Has difficulty forming categories and often solves problems by random guessing.
Concrete Operation stage (7-8 years old)
-child learns that their point of view is not the only one.
-More flexible thinking. Problem solving becomes more efficient and reliable as the child learns how to form hypotheses.
-Learns the alphabet and to read and attention span increases.
Reversibility
can take apart a toy and put it back together, can anticipate the results of an action. Able to begin to add and subtract in early school age-years.
Conservation
gradually over the school-age years the child learns that objects do not change simply because their order, form or appearance has changed
If you have two balls of clay of the same size, and you flatten one into a pancake shape, a child who has developed the concept of conservation will understand that both pieces of clay still have the same amount of mass, despite their different shapes.
Classification and logic
older school-age children are able to classify objects according to their shared characteristics, to place things in logical order, and recall similarities and differences.
Humor
around age 8, the increased mastery of language and the beginning of logic enables children to have a sense of humor and appreciate a play on words. Love silly jokes, riddles, and puns.
when do secondary sex characteristics begin
10 years in girls; 12 years in boys
when is the first deciduous tooth lost
age 6
all permanent teeth except final molars are lost by
age 12
school-age: safety
-Teach proper use of sports equipment
-Discourage risk-taking behaviors (smoking, alcohol, drugs, sex)
-Introduce sex education
school age injury prevention
-Bicycle safety, including use of safety helmet by law
-Firearms
-Smoking education
-Water safety
school-age: play
-Comprehends rules and rituals of games
-Enjoys team play
-Enjoys athletic activities
-Provide construction toys: puzzles, erector sets, Legos
-Good eye/hand coordination
-Enjoys music, adventure stories competitive activities
adolescent: weight
-Girls gain 15 to 55 lbs.
-Boys gain 15 to 65 lbs.
adolescent height: girl
-Height increases approximately 3 inches/year
-Slows at menarche
-Stops at 16 years
adolescent height: boy
-Increases 4 inches/year
-Growth spurt approximately 13 years
-Slows in late teens
Puberty
-Related to hormonal changes
-Apocrine glands become active, may develop body odor
-Appearance of acne on face, back, trunk
Development of secondary sexual characteristics: girls
-Breast development
-Menarche (average age 12 ½ years)
-Pubic hair
Development of secondary sexual characteristics: boys
-Enlargement of testes (13 years)
-Increase in scrotum and penis size
-Nocturnal emission (wet dream)
-Pubic hair
-Vocal changes
-Possibly gynecomastia
adolescence: safety
-Accidents are leading cause of death (Motor vehicle, sports, firearms, suicide)
-Body art (tattoos)
-Support needed for LGBT groups
-Provide drug and alcohol education
-Provide sex education
-Discourage risk-taking activities
-May display lack of impulse control, reckless behaviors, a sense of invulnerability
play: adolescence
-Enjoys sports, school activities, peer group activities
-Interest in heterosexual relationships common
