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PHARMACOLOGY (MIDTERM) > T1 CONT. > Flashcards

T1 CONT. Flashcards

1
Q

Resistance occurs without previous exposure to the antibacterial drug

A

Natural or inherent

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2
Q

Caused by prior to exposure to the antibacterial

A

Acquired resistance

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3
Q

Infection acquired while patient is hospitalized

A

Nosocomial infection/Hospital acquired infection

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4
Q

Highly resistant bacteria

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

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5
Q

Resistant not only to methicillin, but to all penicillin and cephalosporins as well

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

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6
Q

Treatment of choice for MRSA

A

VANCOMYCIN

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7
Q

General adverse reaction to antibacterial drugs

A
  • Allergy/hypersensitivity reactions
  • Superinfection
  • Organ toxicity
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8
Q

Mild reactions (Allergy and Hypersensitivity)

A
  • rash
  • pruritus
  • hives/urticaria
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9
Q

Severe response of allergy and hypersensitivity

A

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

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10
Q

a serious allergic response that often involves
swelling, hives, lowered blood pressure

A

Anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Results in vascular collapse, laryngeal edema.
Bronchospasm and cardiac arrest.

A

Anaphylaxis

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12
Q

If not treated immediately, it can be fatal

A

Anaphylaxis

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13
Q

Frequently the first symptom of anaphylaxis.

A

DOB

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14
Q

Treatment for mild allergic reaction

A

Antihistamine

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15
Q

Liver and kidney are involved in drug metabolism and excretion.

A

Organ toxicity

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16
Q

Antibacterial may result in damage to these organs

A

Organ toxicity

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17
Q

Example: aminoglycosides can be nephrotic (as well as ototoxic)

A

Organ toxicity

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18
Q

Primarily effective against one type of organism.

A

NARROW SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS

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19
Q

Penicillin and erythromycin are used to treat
infection caused by gram positive bacteria.

A

NARROW SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS

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20
Q

Effective against gram positive and Gram-negative organisms

A

BROAD SPECTRUM

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21
Q

Used to treat when the offending microorganism is not identified by C/S test

A

BROAD SPECTRUM

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22
Q

Tetracyclines and cephalosporins

A

BROAD SPECTRUM

23
Q

Natural antibacterial agent obtained from the mold Genus Penicillium

A

Penicillin

24
Q

Miracle drug

A

Penicillin

25
Q

First mass produced antibiotic

A

Penicillin

26
Q

Was the first to be administered orally and by
injection

A

Pen G

27
Q

Food interferes with absorption

A

Penicillin

28
Q

Was the next type of penicillin produced

A

Penicillin V

29
Q

Is effective against mild to moderate infections,
including anthrax as a biological weapon of
bioterrorism

A

Penicillin V

30
Q

kill bacteria by disrupting their cell wall

A

Penicillin

31
Q

most common affected by penicillin including streptococci and staphylococci

A

Gram-positive bacteria

32
Q

Indicated for the treatment of
- pneumonia,
- meningitis
- skin
- bone
- joint infections

A

Penicillin

33
Q

Mainly referred to as beta lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin

34
Q

Portion of the chemical structure of penicillin that is responsible for its antibacterial activity.

A

BETA LACTAM RING

35
Q

Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme that is necessary for cell division and cellular synthesis.

A

BETA LACTAM RING

36
Q

Bacteria secretes an enzyme

A

BETA LACTAMASE OR PENICILLINASE

37
Q

Bacteria can produce a variety of enzymes that can inactivate penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics such as cephalosporins.

A

BETA LACTAMASE OR PENICILLINASE

38
Q

● Penicillin G procaine
● Penicillin G benzathine
● Penicillin G sodium
● Penicillin V potassium

A

BASIC PENICILLINS

39
Q

Effective against penicillinase- producing bacteria

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillin)

40
Q

Used to treat penicillinase producing S aureus

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillin)

41
Q

Oxacillin (prostaphlin, bactocill)

A

Example of Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillin)

42
Q

Cloxacillin (tegopen, cloxapen)

A

Example of Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillin)

43
Q

Dicloxacillin (dynapen)

A

Example of Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillin)

44
Q

Nafcillin (nafcil, unipen)

A

Example of Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staphylococcal penicillin)

45
Q

Effective against even more microbial species
including pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, Klebsiella and bacteroides fragilis.

A

Extended spectrum penicillin (anti-pseudomonal
penicillin)

46
Q

Carbenicillin (Geocillin,geopen)

A

Example of Extended spectrum penicillin (anti-pseudomonal penicillin)

47
Q

Piperacillin sodium (pipracil)

A

Example of Extended spectrum penicillin (anti-pseudomonal penicillin)

48
Q

Mezlocillin sodium (Mezlin)

A

Example of Extended spectrum penicillin (anti-pseudomonal penicillin)

49
Q

Piperacillin tazobactam (zosyn)

A

Example of Extended spectrum penicillin (anti-pseudomonal penicillin)

50
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic (amoxicillin) combined with a beta lactamase (enzyme) inhibitor (clavulanic acid), resulting antibiotic (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin]) inhibits the bacterial lactamases, making the antibiotic effective and extending the microbial effect.

A

BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITORS

51
Q

Oral use: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin)

A

BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITORS

52
Q

Parenteral use: ampicillin sulbactam (Unasyn),
piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) and ticarcillinclavulanic acid (Timentin)

A

BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITORS

53
Q

Example of NSA

A

Penicillin and Erythromycin

PHARMACOLOGY (MIDTERM) (5 decks)

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