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PHARMACOLOGY (MIDTERM) > T1: ANTIBACTERIAL TO PENICILLIN > Flashcards

T1: ANTIBACTERIAL TO PENICILLIN Flashcards

1
Q

An organism that can cause a disease

A

Pathogen

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2
Q

Ability of an organism to cause infection

A

Pathogenicity

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3
Q

Another common word used to describe pathogen

A

Virulence

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4
Q

Refers to the degree of pathology caused by the organism

A

Virulence

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5
Q

Are single celled organisms lacking a true nucleus and nuclear membrane.

A

Bacteria

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6
Q

Examine them microscopically after a crystal
violet Gram stain is applied.

A

CLASSIFYING A BACTERIA

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7
Q

Bacteria that contain a thick cell wall and retain a purple color after staining.

A

Gram-positive bacteria

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8
Q

Bacteria that have thinner cell walls will lose the violet stain.

A

Gram-negative bacteria -

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9
Q

E.g., Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, klebsiella,
pseudomonas, and salmonella.

A

Gram-negative bacteria -

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10
Q

Cellular shape

A

CLASSIFYING A BACTERIA

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11
Q

Rod shapes

A

Bacilli

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12
Q

Spherical shapes

A

Cocci

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13
Q

Spirals

A

spirilla

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14
Q

Cocci appear in clusters

A

Staphylococci

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15
Q

Cocci are arranged in chain

A

Streptococci

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16
Q

Bacteria reproduce by cell division about?

A

Every 20 minutes

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17
Q

Ability to use oxygen

A

CLASSIFYING A BACTERIA

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18
Q

Bacteria that thrive in an oxygen-rich
environment

A

Aerobic

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19
Q

Bacteria grow best without oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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20
Q

Are substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill
bacteria and other microorganisms

A

Antibacterial and Antimicrobials

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21
Q

Refers to chemicals produced by one kind of
microorganism that inhibits the growth of or kills
another.

A

Antibiotics

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22
Q

Drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic

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23
Q

Eg. tetracycline and sulfonamides have bacteriostatic effect

A

Bacteriostatic

24
Q

Drugs kill bacteria

A

Bactericidal

25
Q

MECHANISM OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION

A
  • Inhibition of cell wall synthesis.
  • Alteration of membrane permeability.
  • Inhibition or protein synthesis.
  • Inhibition of synthesis of Bacterial Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and DNA
  • Interference with metabolism within within the cell/interference with cellular metabolism.
26
Q

Bactericidal effect

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

27
Q

Enzyme breakdown of cell wall

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

28
Q

Inhibition of enzymes in synthesis of cell wall

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

29
Q

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect

A

Alteration of membrane permeability

30
Q

Increase membrane permeability

A

Alteration of membrane permeability

31
Q

Loss of cellular substances causes lysis of the cell

A

Alteration of membrane permeability

32
Q

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect

A

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

33
Q

Interferes with protein synthesis w/o affecting the normal cells

A

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

34
Q

Inhibit steps of protein synthesis

A

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

35
Q

Inhibit synthesis of RNA and DNA in bacteria.

A

Inhibition of synthesis of Bacterial RNA and DNA

36
Q

Binds to nucleic acid and enzymes needed for nucleic acid synthesis.

A

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA

37
Q

Bacteriostatic effect

A

Interference with metabolism within the cell / Interference with cellular metabolism

38
Q

DRUGS:
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin
Vancomycin

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

39
Q

DRUGS:
Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Polymyxin
Colistin

A

Alteration of membrane permeability

40
Q

DRUGS
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Erythromycin
Lincomycin

A

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

41
Q

DRUGS:
Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA

42
Q

DRUGS:
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Isoniazid (INH)
Nalidixic acid
Rifampin

A

Interference with metabolism within the cell/Interference with cellular metabolism

43
Q

Test to find germs (bacteria or a fungus) that can cause a disease

A

Culture

44
Q

Test is to see what kind of medicine such as antibiotic, will work best to treat the illness or infection.

A

Sensitivity

45
Q

Process of growing the pathogen and identifying the
most effective antibiotic.

A

CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY TEST

46
Q

Is rarely to develop when the drug is administered for
less than 1 week

A

SUPERINFECTION

47
Q

Appearance of secondary infection that occurs when the normal microbial flora of the body is disturbed during antibiotic therapy.

A

SUPERINFECTION

48
Q

SUPERINFECTION can occur in the?

A

Mouth, RT, intestines, GUT and skin.

49
Q

Used for fungal infection of the mouth

A

Nystatin

50
Q

Occur when microorganisms normally present in the
body are destroyed

A

SUPERINFECTION

51
Q

Medications that accomplish this goal by killing the
bacteria.

A

BACTERIOCIDAL/BACTERICIDAL

52
Q

This drug will not kill the bacteria but instead slow their growth, depending on the body’s natural defense to dispose microorganism

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

53
Q

Growth slowing drugs

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

54
Q

Penicillin G procaine
Penicillin G benzathine
Penicillin G sodiumPenicillin V potassium

A

Representative Drug Examples of PENICILLIN

55
Q

Is a general term for any medication that is effective
against pathogens

A

ANTI- INFECTIVE

56
Q

Although antibiotic is more frequently used, these term refers only to natural substances produced by
microorganism that can kill other microorganism

A

ANTI- INFECTIVE

PHARMACOLOGY (MIDTERM) (5 decks)

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