T1: ANTIBACTERIAL TO PENICILLIN

Question 1

An organism that can cause a disease

Answer 1

Pathogen

Question 2

Ability of an organism to cause infection

Answer 2

Pathogenicity

Question 3

Another common word used to describe pathogen

Answer 3

Virulence

Question 4

Refers to the degree of pathology caused by the organism

Answer 4

Virulence

Question 5

Are single celled organisms lacking a true nucleus and nuclear membrane.

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

Examine them microscopically after a crystal
violet Gram stain is applied.

Answer 6

CLASSIFYING A BACTERIA

Question 7

Bacteria that contain a thick cell wall and retain a purple color after staining.

Answer 7

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 8

Bacteria that have thinner cell walls will lose the violet stain.

Answer 8

Gram-negative bacteria -

Question 9

E.g., Bacteroides, Escherichia coli, klebsiella,
pseudomonas, and salmonella.

Answer 9

Gram-negative bacteria -

Question 10

Cellular shape

Answer 10

CLASSIFYING A BACTERIA

Question 11

Rod shapes

Answer 11

Bacilli

Question 12

Spherical shapes

Answer 12

Cocci

Question 13

Spirals

Answer 13

spirilla

Question 14

Cocci appear in clusters

Answer 14

Staphylococci

Question 15

Cocci are arranged in chain

Answer 15

Streptococci

Question 16

Bacteria reproduce by cell division about?

Answer 16

Every 20 minutes

Question 17

Ability to use oxygen

Answer 17

CLASSIFYING A BACTERIA

Question 18

Bacteria that thrive in an oxygen-rich
environment

Answer 18

Aerobic

Question 19

Bacteria grow best without oxygen

Answer 19

Anaerobic

Question 20

Are substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill
bacteria and other microorganisms

Answer 20

Antibacterial and Antimicrobials

Question 21

Refers to chemicals produced by one kind of
microorganism that inhibits the growth of or kills
another.

Answer 21

Antibiotics

Question 22

Drugs inhibit the growth of bacteria

Answer 22

Bacteriostatic

Question 23

Eg. tetracycline and sulfonamides have bacteriostatic effect

Answer 23

Bacteriostatic

Question 24

Drugs kill bacteria

Answer 24

Bactericidal

Question 25

MECHANISM OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION

Answer 25

- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis. - Alteration of membrane permeability. - Inhibition or protein synthesis. - Inhibition of synthesis of Bacterial Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and DNA - Interference with metabolism within within the cell/interference with cellular metabolism.

Question 26

Bactericidal effect

Answer 26

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 27

Enzyme breakdown of cell wall

Answer 27

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 28

Inhibition of enzymes in synthesis of cell wall

Answer 28

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 29

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect

Answer 29

Alteration of membrane permeability

Question 30

Increase membrane permeability

Answer 30

Alteration of membrane permeability

Question 31

Loss of cellular substances causes lysis of the cell

Answer 31

Alteration of membrane permeability

Question 32

Bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect

Answer 32

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 33

Interferes with protein synthesis w/o affecting the normal cells

Answer 33

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 34

Inhibit steps of protein synthesis

Answer 34

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 35

Inhibit synthesis of RNA and DNA in bacteria.

Answer 35

Inhibition of synthesis of Bacterial RNA and DNA

Question 36

Binds to nucleic acid and enzymes needed for nucleic acid synthesis.

Answer 36

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA

Question 37

Bacteriostatic effect

Answer 37

Interference with metabolism within the cell / Interference with cellular metabolism

Question 38

DRUGS: Penicillin Cephalosporins Bacitracin Vancomycin

Answer 38

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 39

DRUGS: Amphotericin B Nystatin Polymyxin Colistin

Answer 39

Alteration of membrane permeability

Question 40

DRUGS Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Erythromycin Lincomycin

Answer 40

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Question 41

DRUGS: Fluoroquinolones

Answer 41

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA and DNA

Question 42

DRUGS: Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Isoniazid (INH) Nalidixic acid Rifampin

Answer 42

Interference with metabolism within the cell/Interference with cellular metabolism

Question 43

Test to find germs (bacteria or a fungus) that can cause a disease

Answer 43

Culture

Question 44

Test is to see what kind of medicine such as antibiotic, will work best to treat the illness or infection.

Answer 44

Sensitivity

Question 45

Process of growing the pathogen and identifying the most effective antibiotic.

Answer 45

CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY TEST

Question 46

Is rarely to develop when the drug is administered for less than 1 week

Answer 46

SUPERINFECTION

Question 47

Appearance of secondary infection that occurs when the normal microbial flora of the body is disturbed during antibiotic therapy.

Answer 47

SUPERINFECTION

Question 48

SUPERINFECTION can occur in the?

Answer 48

Mouth, RT, intestines, GUT and skin.

Question 49

Used for fungal infection of the mouth

Answer 49

Nystatin

Question 50

Occur when microorganisms normally present in the body are destroyed

Answer 50

SUPERINFECTION

Question 51

Medications that accomplish this goal by killing the bacteria.

Answer 51

BACTERIOCIDAL/BACTERICIDAL

Question 52

This drug will not kill the bacteria but instead slow their growth, depending on the body’s natural defense to dispose microorganism

Answer 52

BACTERIOSTATIC

Question 53

Growth slowing drugs

Answer 53

BACTERIOSTATIC

Question 54

Penicillin G procaine Penicillin G benzathine Penicillin G sodiumPenicillin V potassium

Answer 54

Representative Drug Examples of PENICILLIN

Question 55

Is a general term for any medication that is effective against pathogens

Answer 55

ANTI- INFECTIVE

Question 56

Although antibiotic is more frequently used, these term refers only to natural substances produced by microorganism that can kill other microorganism

Answer 56

ANTI- INFECTIVE