T1: Cardiovascular Assessment (1) Flashcards
Blood flow through the heart:
R. Atrium Tricuspid valve R. Ventricle Pulmonic valve Pulmonic circuit L. Atrium Mitral valve L. Ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Systemic circuit
Name the AV valves:
(Remember: God put his TradeMark on the heart)
- Tricuspid
- Mitral (aka Bicuspid)
Name the semilunar valves:
- Pulmonic valve
- Aortic valve
Murmurs come from ____ flow of blood across the ___.
turbulent
valve
First heart sound “lub” occurs when the ___ valves close.
AV
tricuspid & mitral
Second heart sound “dub” occurs when the ___ valves close.
semilunar
pulmonic & aortic
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 1
Atrial contraction
Atrial systole
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 2:
S1: Mitral valve closes “lub”
Isovolumetric contraction
begins ventricular systole
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 3:
Rapid ejection from ventricles
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 4
Reduced ejection
S2: Aortic valve closes “dub”
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 5
Isovolumetric relaxation
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 6
Rapid filling
Cardiac cycle:
Phase 7
Reduced filling
What part of the ECG reflects atrial depolarization?
P-wave
What part of the ECG reflects ventricular depolarization?
QRS complex
What part of the ECG reflects atrial repolarization?
It’s in the QRS complex but hidden
What part of the ECG reflects ventricular repolarization?
T-wave
What happens during systole?
The ventricles contract
What happens during diastole?
Atria & ventricles are relaxed; AV valves are open
What triggers the atria to contract?
SA node
What triggers the ventricles to contract?
Purkinje fibers
What is atrial kick?
The atria squeeze the last bit of blood into the ventricles
What is the formula for BP?
BP = SV x SVR
- SV is stroke volume
- SVR is systemic vascular resistance
What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
SBP + (DBP x 2) / 3
