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Adult Health I > T1: Cardiovascular Assessment (1) > Flashcards

T1: Cardiovascular Assessment (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Blood flow through the heart:

A 
R. Atrium
Tricuspid valve
R. Ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Pulmonic circuit
L. Atrium
Mitral valve
L. Ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Systemic circuit
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2
Q

Name the AV valves:

A

(Remember: God put his TradeMark on the heart)

  • Tricuspid
  • Mitral (aka Bicuspid)
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3
Q

Name the semilunar valves:

A
  • Pulmonic valve

- Aortic valve

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4
Q

Murmurs come from ____ flow of blood across the ___.

A

turbulent

valve

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5
Q

First heart sound “lub” occurs when the ___ valves close.

A

AV

tricuspid & mitral

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6
Q

Second heart sound “dub” occurs when the ___ valves close.

A

semilunar

pulmonic & aortic

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7
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 1

A

Atrial contraction

Atrial systole

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8
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 2:

A

S1: Mitral valve closes “lub”
Isovolumetric contraction
begins ventricular systole

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9
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 3:

A

Rapid ejection from ventricles

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10
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 4

A

Reduced ejection

S2: Aortic valve closes “dub”

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11
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 5

A

Isovolumetric relaxation

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12
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 6

A

Rapid filling

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13
Q

Cardiac cycle:

Phase 7

A

Reduced filling

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14
Q

What part of the ECG reflects atrial depolarization?

A

P-wave

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15
Q

What part of the ECG reflects ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

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16
Q

What part of the ECG reflects atrial repolarization?

A

It’s in the QRS complex but hidden

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17
Q

What part of the ECG reflects ventricular repolarization?

A

T-wave

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18
Q

What happens during systole?

A

The ventricles contract

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19
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

Atria & ventricles are relaxed; AV valves are open

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20
Q

What triggers the atria to contract?

A

SA node

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21
Q

What triggers the ventricles to contract?

A

Purkinje fibers

22
Q

What is atrial kick?

A

The atria squeeze the last bit of blood into the ventricles

23
Q

What is the formula for BP?

A

BP = SV x SVR

  • SV is stroke volume
  • SVR is systemic vascular resistance
24
Q

What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

SBP + (DBP x 2) / 3

25
Q

What is Mean Arterial Pressure?

A

Average perfusion pressure

26
Q

What is normal MAP?

A

70 - 100 mmHg

must have at least 60 mmHg to perfuse the tissues

27
Q

Central Venous Pressure measures filling pressures on which side of the heart?

A

Right

28
Q

What is normal central venous pressure (CVP or RAP)?

A

2 - 5 mmHg

also 3-8 cmH20, but older version

29
Q

Formula for cardiac output?

A

HR x SV = CO

30
Q

What is normal resting CO?

A

4-6 L/min

31
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped out by the ventricle PER MINUTE

32
Q

What is the difference between CO and cardiac index (CI)?

A

CI adjusts for body size

33
Q

What is the formula for CI?

A

CO / BSA = CI

34
Q

What is normal CI?

A

2.2 - 4.0 L/min/m2

35
Q

What is stroke volume (SV)?

A

amount of blood ejected by ventricle with each HEART BEAT

36
Q

Formula for SV?

A

(CO / HR) x 1000 = SV

37
Q

Normal SV?

A

60 - 70 ml

38
Q

What is the definition of systemic vascular resistance (SVR)? What is another name for this?

A

The resistance against which the LV must pump to eject its volume.
(AKA: “after load”)

39
Q

Formula for SVR?

A

(MAP - CVP) / CO x 80 = SVR

40
Q

Normal SVR?

A

800 - 1400 dynes/sec/cm

41
Q

What 4 ways can BP be regulated?

A

1) Autonomic nervous system
- –> baroreceptors
- –> chemoreceptors
2) Renal system
3) Endocrine system
4) External factors

42
Q

Parts of a CV system assessment:

A
  • pt history
  • nutritional history
  • family history & genetic risk
  • current health problems
43
Q

What current health problems factor in to a CV system assessment?

A
  • pain/discomfort
  • dyspnea, DOE, orthopnea, PND
  • fatigue
  • palpitations
  • edema
  • syncope
  • extremity pain
44
Q

The best indicator or fluid balance is _____.

A

weight

45
Q

2.2 lb = ___ kg = ___ L of fluid

A

2.2 lb = 1 kg = 1 L of fluid

46
Q

Cardiovascular system:

PHYSICAL assessment

A
  • General appearance
  • Skin (cyanosis, rubor)
  • Extremities (clubbing, edema)
  • Blood pressure (hypo/hypertention, orthostatic hypotention, pulse pressure)
47
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

difference between systolic & diastolic

48
Q

Cardiovascular system:

PRECORDIAL assessment

A
  • Inspection 1st

- Auscultation 2nd

49
Q

What sounds are you assessing for when auscultating the precordium?

A

(Think: NPGP)

  • normal heart sounds
  • paradoxical splitting
  • gallops & murmurs
  • pericardial friction rub
50
Q 
Cardiovascular system:
LAB assessment (hint...there are 8)
A

(Hairy Fat CAMELS)

1) H & H
2) F & E
3) Coagulation (PT/INR, PTT)
4) ABG
5) Microalbuminemia
6) Erythrocyte count
7) Leukocyte count
8) Serum biomarkers

51
Q

Cardiovascular system:

DIAGNOSTIC assessment

A
  • PA & lateral CXR
  • angiography or arteriography
  • cardiac cath
  • ECG
  • Electrophysiologic study (EPS)
  • Stress test
  • Echo (Pharm stress echo, TEE)
  • Myocardial nuclear perfusion imaging (MNPI)

Adult Health I (10 decks)

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